广东省酸性硫酸盐水稻土作物产量的主要限制因子分析  

Analysis on the limiting hazardous chemical factors of acid sulfate paddy soils in Guangdong province

作　　者：黄巧义[1] 唐拴虎[1] 黄旭[1] 张发宝[1] 杨少海[1] 易琼[1] 逄玉万[1] 张木[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第1期180-191,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科技专项(201003016);广东省科技计划项目(2012A020100004)资助

摘　　要：【目的】酸性硫酸盐水稻土(ASPS,简称反酸田)因强酸严重限制水稻生长,其产量远低于全国平均水平,是我国南方典型中低产田。为了进一步提高反酸田的水稻产量,需要对反酸田土壤的主要限制因子进行分析,以更好地"对症下药",有效合理地改良土壤。本研究调查了不同产量水平下酸性硫酸盐水稻田的理化性状,探讨限制水稻生长的关键土壤化学因子,为反酸田的改良提供理论依据。【方法】根据前期调查结果,选择3种产量水平(4500、3000、1500 kg/hm2)的代表性反酸田为研究对象,并以因强酸而撂荒的水稻田作为对照,于2013年6月28日在不同采样点各采集8个耕作层土壤样品,测定其有机质,酸度,氮、磷、钾养分以及微量元素含量等化学性状指标,比较不同田块间各种化学性状的差异,并通过相关分析、主成分分析探讨影响反酸田水稻生长的关键土壤化学因子。【结果】反酸田的酸度水平极高,其p H值在3.0 4.0之间,水溶性酸、交换性酸和吸持性酸含量分别达到0.6 5.6、2.7 6.3和1.3 14.1 cmol/kg;不同调查田块的酸度水平差异显著,高产田块的各种形态酸含量均显著低于低产田块,尤以水溶性酸和吸持性酸的差异更明显。随产量水平的降低,反酸田的有效磷、速效钾含量显著降低,而水溶性硫、交换性硫、交换性锰、交换性铝含量显著提高,交换性钙、交换性锌、交换性铜含量差异不显著,反映出缺磷、缺钾、硫酸盐含量过高、铝毒、锰毒显著限制了反酸田的水稻产量。相关分析表明,土壤有效磷、速效钾与各种形态酸含量和硫酸盐含量显著负相关,而交换性钙、锰、铜、锌、铝与各种形态酸含量和硫酸盐含量显著正相关,表明反酸田水稻产量的主要限制化学因子受土壤酸含量及硫酸盐含量的水平影响。主成分分析表明,水溶性硫、交换性硫、交换性铝、交换性酸、交换性锰【Objectives】The growth of rice in acid sulfate paddy fields（ ASPS） which were the typical low-mid yielding fields in south China was severely limited due to strong acid,thereby,and the rice yields were lower than the national average. In order to ameliorate soils and increase rice yields in ASPS,the limiting factors of acid sulfate paddy fields should be cleared. Soil chemical properties of ASPS with three levels of rice yield were studied to analyze limiting hazardous chemical factors of ASPS,and provide theoretical guidance on ASPS improvements.【Methods】Soil samples were collected in three typical ASPS with three levels of rice yield（ 4500,3000 and 1500 kg / hm2） according to preliminary survey and abandoned ASPS as the control treatment in Taishan city,Guangdong province on June 28,2013. Eight replicate samples were collected on each sampling field. Soil organic matter,acidity,nutrient elements and micro-elements were measured,and the limiting hazardous chemical factors of ASPS were discussed by correlation analysis and principal components analysis. 【Results 】The organic matter and alkaline hydrolyzable N of ASPS with different yield levels have no significant differences,which suggests that the organic matter and alkaline hydrolyzable N are not the limiting factors of ASPS. ASPS are very acid,their p H values are about 3. 0- 4. 0,and their soluble acidity,exchangeable acidity and retained acidity are about 0. 6-5. 6、2. 7- 6. 3 and 1. 3- 14. 1 cmol / kg. The soluble acidity,exchangeable acidity and retained acidity have a decreasing tendency as the yield level increasing,especially greater declines of the soluble acidity and retained acidity are observed. As rice yield level decreasing,available P and K decrease significantly,while soluble S,exchangeable S,exchangeable Mn,exchangeable Al increase significantly,and exchangeable Ca,Zn,Cu are not significantly different,which indicates the P deficiency,K deficiency,more SO4,Al toxicity and Mn toxicity are the limiting hazardous chemical fac

关 键 词：酸性硫酸盐土 理化性状 水稻田 因子分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]