制鞋工人工效学负荷水平与颈肩腕损伤的关系  

Relationship between ergonomic stressors and neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders of workers in shoe manufacturing

作　　者：崔鹂[1] 于碧鲲[1] 陈浩[1] 刘璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,广东深圳518100

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第1期41-44,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的研究制鞋工人工效学负荷因素暴露水平与颈肩腕损伤间的关系。方法选取珠三角地区1家制鞋企业,采用快速暴露检查表(QEC)评价102名制鞋工在颈、肩、腕部位接触的工效学负荷,用自制问卷调查制鞋工人的颈肩腕损伤患病情况及一般情况等,经统计分析探讨制鞋工人接触的工效学负荷与其颈肩腕损伤间的关系。结果该企业的制鞋工人在过去1周内出现颈肩腕损伤者占34.3%,在过去1年内出现颈肩腕损伤者占43.1%,其中颈部症状的阳性率最高。QEC结果显示,制鞋工接触的工效学负荷以颈部负荷最高,其次为肩部负荷,再次为腕部负荷。报告有颈部疼痛的制鞋工人比对照组接触了更高等级的颈部工效学负荷,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。报告有肩腕部疼痛的制鞋工亦比对照组接触更高水平的肩腕部负荷,但差异无统计学意义。在控制工龄、年龄、文化程度、体重指数、性别等危险因素后,logistic回归结果显示,接触更高等级的颈肩部负荷可增加制鞋工出现颈部疼痛(OR=3.174)、肩部疼痛的风险(OR=3.242)。腕部负荷与腕部疼痛的关系尚不明确。结论颈肩腕损伤是制鞋工人中多发的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患,以颈肩疼最为常见。制鞋工人接触较高水平的颈部负荷、中高水平的肩腕部负荷和接触较高等级的颈肩部负荷可明显增加制鞋工人出现颈肩损伤的风险。腕部负荷与腕部疼痛的关系尚不明确。[Objective]To discuss the relationship between ergonomic stressors and neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders（ MSDs） of workers in shoe manufacturing.[Methods]102 shoemakers were selected from a shoe manufacturer in Pearl River Delta region. The ergonomic stressors on neck, shoulder and wrist were assessed by quick exposure check list（ QEC）. And a self designed questionnaire was used to collect personal and MSDs information. Finally, the relationship between neck and upper limb MSDs and ergonomic stressors was discussed by statistic analysis.[Results]34.3% of shoemakers have occurred the neck and upper limb MSDs in the past week, while 43.1% have occurred the MSDs in the past year, while the prevalence rate of neck MSDs was highest. QEC results showed that the ergonomic stressor on neck was the highest, followed by the shoulder and wrist. The workers with neck MSDs were exposed to higher level of neck ergonomic stressors than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the similar results were observed in workers with shoulder MSDs or wrist MSDs, but the differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting the risk factors of working years, age, education level, BMI and gender, the logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to higher level of ergonomic stressors on neck and shoulder were risk factors for neck MSDs（ OR=3.174） and shoulder MSDs（ OR=3.242）. The relationship between ergonomic stressors and wrist MSDs remained unclear. [Conclusion]The neck and upper limb MSDs is a common kind of work related musculoskeletal disorders in shoemakers, while the neck shoulder MSDs are frequently occurring type. The workers exposed to high level of ergonomic stressors on neck, middle or high level of ergonomic stressors on shoulder and wrist, and higher level of ergonomic stressors on neck and shoulder could improve the risk for neck and shoulder MSDs. The relationship between ergonomic stressors and wrist MSDs remains unclear in th

关 键 词：制鞋业 颈肩腕损伤 工效学负荷 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]