人蚤感染鼠疫菌后带菌时限研究  

Study on carrier time in Pulex irritans after infection of Yersinia pestis

作　　者：赵文红[1] 郭牧[1] 段彪[1] 苏丽琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2016年第1期28-30,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过对感染蚤死亡后拉胃培养及蚤的粪便培养,研究人蚤带菌及蚤粪便带菌时限。方法用50亿个鼠疫菌∕m L的人全血饲养人蚤3d,镜下观察吸血情况,取吸血蚤拉胃培养,计算感染率,剩下蚤用人全血进行群体健康饲养,每天观察并换血,死蚤拉胃培养,用白色消毒滤纸采集粪便,每天更换1次,培养1次,每次培养8份,一直到蚤死完为止。结果试验蚤鼠疫菌感染率91.7%;80份蚤粪便培养,28份阳性(阳性率35%),蚤粪便带菌9d;106匹蚤死亡后拉胃培养,38匹阳性(阳性率35.85%),感染蚤最短存活1d,最长12d,平均4.5d,最长带菌12d。结论人蚤感染鼠疫菌后寿命较短,明显影响通过叮咬传播鼠疫的媒介地位;人蚤粪便带菌9d,根据其生物学特性可能会造成非菌栓形式传播,因此人蚤粪便带菌具有重要的流行病学意义。Objective To study on carrier time in Pulex irritans after infection of Yersinia pestis by culturing their stomach and feces. Methods Pulex irritans were fed with 50 billion/mL Yersinia pestis mixed in whole human blood for 3 days and were observed blood-sucking by microscope.Then we pulled and cultured the stomachs of blood-sucking fleas to calculate infection rates.Rest of fleas were fed by the healthy blood,and were observed daily. When the fleas were dead,their stomachs were cultured. At the same time, flea feces were collected with white sterilized filter paper each day and were cultured 8 copies per time until the end of the flea. Results The infection rate of tested fleas was 91.7%. There were 28 positive cultures in 80 flea fecal cultures, and the positive rate was 35%. Carrier time of flea feces was 9 days. There were 38 positive samples in 106 died fleas in stomach cultures, and the positive rate was 35.85%.The shortest survival time and the longest survival time of infected fleas were 1 day and 12 days respectively, with an average of 4.5 days. Conclusion Life expectancy of Pulex irritans becomes shorter after infection by Yersinia pestis, which obviously affects their media status. Carrier time of Pulex irritans is 9 days.According to its biological characteristics, feces of Pulex irritans may cause non-baeterial-embolus forms bf plague communication, so Pulex irdtans feces carrying Yersinia pestis is significant for epidemiology.

关 键 词：人蚤 鼠疫菌 感染 粪便 培养 

分 类 号：R384.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]