代乳料营养水平对0～4月龄育肥奶公犊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响  

Effects of nutrient levels of milk replacer on slaughter performance and meat quality of 0 to 4-month-old calves

作　　者：王晓玲[1] 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] 高艳霞[1] 于春起 杜柳柳[1] 李晓蒙[1] 李建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北福成五丰食品股份有限公司,河北三河065200

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2016年第2期336-342,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(肉牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-38)

摘　　要：为了研究不同营养水平代乳料对0～4月龄育肥奶公犊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响，选用40头健康无病、体质量和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊，随机分为4组（每组10头）并饲喂不同营养水平的代乳料，即代乳料Ⅰ组（22％CP，16．00MJ／kgDE），代乳料Ⅱ组（20％CP，16．00MJ／kgDE），代乳料Ⅲ组（22％CP，15．00MJ／kgDE），代乳料Ⅳ组（20％CP，15．00MJ／kgDE）。试验期120d。试验结果表明：代乳料蛋白质水平对奶公犊眼肌面积和宰前活重的影响均表现出显著差异（P〈0．05），随蛋白水平的提高而提高。蛋白质水平为22％的代乳料组试验牛的眼肌面积和宰前活重20％代乳料组分别提高4．58％和1．19％（P〈0．05）。与15MJ／kg能量水平代乳料组相比，16MJ／kg能量水平代乳料组的净肉重达到70．09妇，提高了3．74％（P〈0．01），净肉率提高了3．25％（P〈0．01），胴体产肉率提高了2．29％（P〉0．05），并提高了牛肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量（P〉0．05），而对牛肉的剪切力、肉色和蒸煮损失无影响。饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的含量随蛋白水平的提高而降低，与20％蛋白水平代乳料相比，22％蛋白水平代乳料的饱和脂肪酸含量为50．96％，降低了2．65％（P〈0．01）；单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的舍量随能量水平的提高而提高，与15MJ／kg能量水平代乳料组相比，16MJ／kg能量水平代乳料组的MUFA和PUFA含量分别提高了3．46％（P〈0．05）和5．50％（P〈0．05）。在本试验中，Ⅰ组的净肉率和眼肌面积最高，牛肉中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量最高。综上所述，提高代乳料的能量和蛋白水平，可以提高奶公犊的屠宰性能，改善肉品质。建议0～4月龄育肥奶公犊用代乳料的适宜能量和蛋白水平为DE16．00MJ／kg，CP22％。The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of milk replacer with different nutrient levels on slaughter performance and meat quality of male dairy calves aged 4 months. Forty healthy male calves with similar birth date and relative quality were selected, and randomly divided into four groups （10 per group）, which were fed with milk replacer at different nutrient levels,namely group Ⅰ （22% CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE）,group Ⅱ （20% CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE）,group Ⅲ （22 % CP, 15.00 MJ/kg DE）, and group Ⅳ （20 %0 CP, 15.00 MJ/kg DE）. The experimental period lasted for 120 days. The results showed as follows.the eye muscle area and live weight before slaughter of calves were significantly affected by protein levels of milk replacer（P〈0. 05） ,which were increased with the increase protein levels. Compared with the group of the milk replacer containing 20% protein,the eye muscle area and live weight before slaughter of calves in the group with the milk replacer containing 22% protein were increased by 4.58% and 1.19% （P〈0.05）. The percentage of net meat weight and carcass meat production rate of calves in group fed with 16 MJ/kg energy milk replacer were all increased compared to that of calves fed with 15 MJ/kg energy milk replacer. Specifically,the net meat weight was increased by 3.74%（P〈0.01） ,the net meat percentage was increased by 3.25%（P〈0.01） ,and the carcass meat production rate was increased by 2.29%（P〉0.05）,but had no affect on the shear force,meat color and cooking loss of beef. The content of saturated fatty acid（SFA）was reduced by 2.65% （P〈0.01）. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） were improved significantly by increasing the energy levels. Statistical analysis suggested that the content of PUFA and MUFA of calves fed with16 MJ/kg energy milk replacer was 3.46% （P〈0.05） and 5.50% （P〈0.05） higher than that of calves fed with 15 MJ/kg energy milk replacer. In this stu

关 键 词：奶公犊 代乳料 能量 蛋白质 肉品质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]