玉米秸秆炭对玉米物质生产及产量形成特性的影响  

Effect of Biochar on Maize Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield

作　　者：程效义[1] 张伟明[1] 孟军[1] 杨旭[1] 赵倩雯[1] 陈温福[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110866

出　　处：《玉米科学》2016年第1期117-122,129,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013030905);科技支撑计划专题任务(2012BAD14B01-1);辽宁省中央财政推广项目"农林废弃物资源化综合利用技术示范推广"

摘　　要：采用大田试验方法,研究玉米秸秆炭对玉米干物质积累、分配及产量形成特性的影响。结果表明,20 t/hm2生物炭与肥料配施可延长玉米的生长时期和旺盛生长期的干物质积累量,促进玉米灌浆后期干物质的积累和子粒干重的增加,与单施化肥相比,产量提高了6.06%;40 t/hm2生物炭与肥料配施在一定程度上抑制玉米干物质积累,降低行粒数,产量降低13.88%。适量的生物炭与肥料配施可促进玉米的干物质积累,提高产量,优于单施化肥;过量的生物炭用量会抑制玉米生长,导致产量下降。在北方棕壤常规施肥条件下,适量配施生物炭增产效果明显,可用于玉米生产。The effects of biochar on maize dry matter accumulation, distribution and maize yield were studied by a plot field experiment. The results showed that combination of 20 t/ha boichar with fertilizer could extend the pe- riod of vigorous growth and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation of maize, which promoted the dry matter accumulation and increased the dry weight of grain, as well as the yield increased by 6.06% compared with single chemical fertilizer treatment. The combination of 40 t/ha biochar with fertilizer inhibited the dry matter accumula- tion to some extent, decreased the kernels of the row and the yield by 13.88%. If combined the suitable amount of biochar with fertilizer could promote the dry matter accumulation and increase yield of maize, which better than sin- gle chemical fertilizer application. The excess biochar could inhibit the growth of maize, resulting in yield decline. In the condition of conventional fertilization in northern brown earth, the appropriate amount of biochar application could increase yield significantly, which might be used for maize production.

关 键 词：玉米 生物炭 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]