水肥管理对东北不同密度春玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Management on Yield and Water-nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Maize at Different Densities in Northeast China

作　　者：徐杰[1,2] 周培禄 王璞[2] 赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学农业与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2016年第1期142-147,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划-“东北平原西部玉米丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范”(2013BAD07B04),“主要粮食作物可持续超高产共性理论与关键技术研究”(2011BAD16B14);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-02)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,研究自然降雨+氮肥底施、表施氮肥+大水漫灌、滴灌水氮一体化不同水肥管理对东北地区低、中、高不同密度下春玉米产量、干物质及水氮利用的影响。结果表明,滴灌水氮一体化处理在各密度下均较自然降雨+氮肥底施显著提高玉米产量,在高密度时滴灌水氮一体化处理产量最高为14 268.9 kg/hm2,显著高于表施氮肥+大水漫灌处理。在高密度时,与表施氮肥+大水漫处理相比,滴灌水氮一体化处理可获得较高的总干物质积累量,显著提高花后氮素积累量,总氮量增加78.2%,进而提高氮肥偏生产力和水分利用效率。滴灌水氮一体化处理能够在高密度下提高东北玉米产量的同时提高水氮利用效率。The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen manage- ment -rainfeed ＋ N-fertilizer totally applied before sowing（RF）, flood irrigation＋ nitrogen surface application（FI）, in- tegration of water and nitrogen by drip irrigation（DI） - on maize yield, dry matter accumulation and water-nitrogen use at different density, The result showed that, compared to RF, DI treatment significantly increased the maize yield at all densities, and the highest yield of DI was 14 268.9 kg/ha with the l^igh density. Compared to FI, DI with high density significantly increased total dry matter accumulation, and the post-silking nitrogen accumulation, and then the total nitrogen content increased by 78.2%. As a result, the nitrogen partial factor productivityand water use efficiency of DI treatment were significant increased compared with FI. Thus, DI could increase the yield and water- nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize at high density in Northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米 水肥管理 密度 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]