农业生态系统中AM真菌、禾草内生真菌及病原菌互作  

Progress of research on the interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,grass endophyte and plant pathogens in agro-ecosystem

作　　者：李芳[1] 张峰[1] 高萍[1] 段廷玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第2期219-229,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1208RJZA270);国家自然科学基金项目(31100368/C0309);教育部博士点基金新青年教师项目(20110211120032)

摘　　要：丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)、禾草内生真菌和植物病原菌广泛存在于农业生态系统中。AMF和禾草内生真菌均能与宿主植物形成共生体,促进宿主植物对养分、水分的吸收,提高植物对病害、干旱等生物和非生物逆境的抗性。植物病原菌引致的植物病害可降低植物产量和品质,造成生产上的重大损失。AMF可降低植物发病率和病情指数,其机理包括AMF与病原菌竞争侵染位点,养分和空间、消耗病原菌的能量、提高菌根植物对水分和养分的利用效率、调节病程相关蛋白。禾草内生真菌可通过分泌抑菌活性物质、诱导植物体产生抗性反应及减少病害介体的传播,提高植物地上生物量和抗病性。AMF和禾草内生真菌与其它微生物的互作因植物、真菌而异,有相互促进的效应,也有相互抑制的效应。研究和明确农业生态系统中三类微生物的互作机理,进而利用禾草内生真菌和AMF提高抗逆性及产量、防治病害,对于促进和维持农业生态系统可持续发展具有重要的意义。Arbuscular myucorrhizal fungi （A in agro-ecosystems. Both AMF and grass en plant nutrient uptake, water absorption and MF）, grass endophyte and plant pathogens are widely distributed dophyte could establish symbiosis with plants which could improve enhance plant stress resistance, such as disease and drought stress. AMF could reduce plant disease incidence and disease index by a series of mechanisms including competing in- vading sites, nutrition and space with plant pathogens, consuming plant pathogens energy, improving plant water and nutrition efficiency and adjusting plant disease related proteins. Grass endophyte also could decrease plant disease incidence and the possible mechanism including excreting antimicrobial metabolites, inducing plant resistance and inhibiting medium of disease spread. The interactions of AMF ded on plants and fungi which are mutual or antagonism. Research and utilization o are very important for improving and maintaining agro-ecosystem productivity and and grass endophyte depen- f AMF and grass endophyte sustainability.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 禾草内生真菌 植物病原菌 互作 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S182[农业科学—植物保护]