呼伦贝尔典型草原的利用方式对地上啮齿动物群落多样性的影响  

Effects of utilization pattern on rodent community diversity in the typical steppe of Hulun Buir

作　　者：白萨如拉[1,2] 袁帅[1,2] 满都呼[1,2] 武晓东[1,2] 付和平[1,2] 高全荣[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]草业与草地资源教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第2期305-312,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203041);内蒙古科技计划项目(20140153)

摘　　要：2012年7、9月及2013-2014年5、7、9月,采用标志重捕法研究了连续放牧、季节轮牧和禁牧对呼伦贝尔典型草原啮齿动物捕获率、捕获量比例、多样性指数(丰富度指数、均匀性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数)的影响。结果表明,1)啮齿动物捕获率表现为连续放牧>季节轮牧>禁牧,连续放牧区显著高于禁牧区(P<0.05)。2)不同放牧方式使啮齿动物群落结构发生了一定的变化。连续放牧区主要以草原黄鼠(Citellus dauricus)为主,捕获量比例为38.60%;季节轮牧区以黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)和草原黄鼠占的比例较大,捕获量比例分别为37.30%和31.50%;禁牧区以黑线仓鼠为主,捕获量比例为38.89%。3)连续放牧区啮齿动物丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均为最高;季节轮牧中均匀性指数为最高;禁牧中丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀性指数均为最低。连续放牧中的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于禁牧(P<0.05)。不同放牧方式明显改变了啮齿动物群落组成及多样性。综上,本研究结果表明,季节轮牧方式更利于合理利用草地资源并且能够抑制鼠害发生。Field experiment with three grazing treatments, including continuous grazing, rotational grazing and forbidden grazing, was conducted to determine the effect of utilization pattern on rodent capture rate and its community diversity in the typical steppe of Hulun Buir from 2012 to 2014 by using live trap method. This study showed that capture rate of rodents was significantly higher in continuous grazing area than that in for- bidden grazing area, and the grazing treatments altered the community structure of rodents, indicating that Ci- tellus dauricus with 38.60% capture rate was dominant in continuous grazing area, and C. barabensis, and C. dauricus were dominant species in rotational grazing area, accounting for the 37.30% and 31.50% capture rate, respectively, and C. barabensis was dominant species in forbidden grazing area, with capture rate of 38.89%. This study also showed that the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of rodent commu- nity were observed in continuous grazing area, and the highest evenness index of rodent community was found in rotational grazing area, while the lowest richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of rodent community were observed in forbidden grazing area. The richness and Shannon-Wiener index in continuous grazing area were significantly higher than those in forbidden grazing area （P〈0.05）. These results indicated that the rotational grazing pattern encouraged grassland resources to effectively utilize and controlled the rodent troubles.

关 键 词：放牧方式 啮齿动物 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]