土质文物本体中硫酸钠与氯化钠迁移速率的模拟研究  

Simulation study on the migration rate of sodium sulfates and sodium chlorides in soil cultural relics body

作　　者：靳治良[1,2] 郝旭强 陈港泉[3] 夏寅[4] 钱玲[1] 胡红岩[1] 苏伯民[3] 周铁[4] 吕功煊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]北方民族大学化学与化学工程学院,银川750021 [3]敦煌研究院保护研究所国家古代壁画保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [4]秦始皇帝陵博物院陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西临潼710600

出　　处：《自然杂志》2016年第1期33-38,共6页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB720901、2012CB720905);国家文物局文物科学和技术研究课题(20110207);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAK16B00)资助

摘　　要：以土质文物本体为模拟对象,采用土柱实验的方法,对比研究了由敦煌土制备的土柱中氯化钠(NaCl)和硫酸钠(Na_2SO_4)在土柱中的迁移速率,计算得到了氯化钠和硫酸钠在土柱中的表观迁移速率。在各种运移方式中,氯化钠的表观迁移速率均较硫酸钠大。氯化钠和硫酸钠在重力作用下自上而下运移时的表观迁移速率较自下而上饱和自然吸附运移时大。SO_4^(2-)受土质胶体的吸附作用大,加之硫酸钠晶型结构多变,其溶解度随温度升高变化剧烈。上述多重因素在温度交变、干湿循环等环境因素作用下,既导致了硫酸钠在土柱中的运移速率的下降,又同时对土柱造成严重粉化和结构破坏,进而影响到土质文物本体的保护。Taking the soil cultural relics body as the object, the migration rates and the migration coefficients of Na2SO4 and NaCl were obtained by means of the soil column experiment. The apparent permeability coefficients of NaCl were greater than those of the Na2SO4 in various migration patterns. The apparent migration coefficients from top to bottom with the action of gravity were greater than those of from bottom to top. Due to the facts that Na2SO4 was more easily adsorbed by soil colloid and its crystal structure was changeable, its solubility was dramatically increased with temperature. Thus the apparent permeability coefficient of Na2SO4 was reduced. At the same time, the serious powder and structural damage in soil column were caused by Na2SO4. And then the deep effects on the soil cultural relics body were found when the NazSO4 participated in.

关 键 词：土柱实验 氯化钠 硫酸钠 迁移 表观迁移速率 

分 类 号：K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]