秦岭北麓中华猕猴桃品种生物量地上—地下分配格局研究  

Study on the allocation patterns of above-and below-ground biomass of Actinidia chinensis in northern area of Qinling

作　　者：井赵斌[1,2] 雷玉山[1,3,2] 李永武[1,3,2] 李亮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省农村科技开发中心,西安710054 [2]陕西省汉中猕猴桃研究所,陕西汉中723500 [3]陕西省西安猕猴桃试验站,西安710054

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第1期52-58,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTZDNY02-03-01);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD16B05);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2014JM3077);国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA30400)

摘　　要：【目的】研究中华猕猴桃品种的生物量地上—地下分配格局对果树栽培生产具有重要的指导意义。【方法】采用地上生物量＂现存量法＂和地下生物量＂挖掘法＂,对5 a生中华猕猴桃品种‘华优’和‘Hort16A’的生物量地上—地下分配格局进行研究。【结果】1）‘华优’和‘Hort16A’2个品种地下生物量远小于其对应的地上生物量,地上生物量是地下生物量的3-5倍。2）‘华优’和‘Hort16A’地下生物量的垂直分布均呈典型的倒金字塔型分布,地下生物量均随土层深度增加而减小,符合一元线性函数减少的规律。3）在垂直分布上,2个品种地下生物量主要集中分布在0-40 cm土层,且各层分配比例有差异;在水平分布上,‘华优’主根和细根生物量主要分布在0-40 cm,而‘Hort16A’主根主要分布在0-40 cm,细根在40-80 cm。4）地下生物量/地上生物量的比值偏小,与果园管理水平有关。【结论】对5 a生‘华优’和‘Hort16A’品种灌溉水肥深度均应保持在40 cm土层为宜;‘华优’水平宽度应保持在距离树干60 cm,而‘Hort16A’应保持在100 cm,随着树龄增长应适时调整水平距离。在田间水肥管理中应根据品种特点,通过科学的土壤管理方法提高地下—地上生物量比值。【Objective】Plant species have evolved specialized strategies to regulate their above-and un-der-ground biomass allocation. The allocation not only influences the growth of fruit individual plant,butalso influences fruit vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon as well asorchard ecosystem carbon cycling. To study the allocation patterns of above-and under-ground biomassof Actinidia chinensis has profound guiding significance for cultivation and production of kiwifruits.【Meth-ods】Five-year old‘Huayou＇and‘Hort16A＇varieties were selected to analyze the allocation patterns,and three plants as replicate were selected in each orchard. The above-ground biomass including leaves,stems and branches was measured by standing crop method. After harvest,all aboveground biomass wasdried at（70±5）℃ for 48 h to constant weight. The belowground biomass was measured using diggingmethod in 0-60 cm depths. In each replicate,the roots mainly distributed from 0 to 60 cm,and hence weanalyzed changes in belowground biomass in the 0-60 cm depth separately within three layers,0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm. The horizontal distribution of these three layers were 0-40 cm from plant.Changes in below-ground biomass among each soil layer were tested using Student＇s t-test and analysisof variance. Significant differences of all statistical tests were estimated at a significance level of P0.05.All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0.【Results】The average tree trunk and crownwidth for‘Huayou＇were 4.53 cm and 1.73 m,respectively,and‘Hort16A＇were 4.90 cm and 1.88 m.Significant differences were found in average tree trunk and crown width between‘Huayou＇and‘Hort16A＇. For both‘Huayou＇and‘Hort16A＇varieties,the above-and below-ground biomassshowed a significant difference. The total biomass of‘Huayou＇variety is 7 210.65 g·plant-1,and 8 525.63g·plant-1for‘Hort 16A＇. The significant differences were found between above and belowground biomassin both�

关 键 词：中华猕猴桃 地上生物量 地下生物量 根系 分布 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]