雾滴密度、药液量和器械对苹果全爪螨防效的影响  

Effects of droplet density,spraying volume and spraying equipment on efficacy of abamectin microemulsion against Panonychus ulmi in apple tree

作　　者：庾琴[1] 范仁俊[1] 刘中芳[1] 封云涛[1] 张鹏九[1] 郭贵明[1] 张润祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所.农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第1期81-87,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业农业科研专项项目(200903033);山西省科技攻关项目(20110311024);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB2A300054)

摘　　要：【目的】研究3%阿维菌素微乳剂施药的雾滴密度、药液量及器械对苹果全爪螨防效的影响,为解决目前果园淋洗式的施药方式提供技术参数和理论依据。【方法】根据3%阿维菌素微乳剂防效确定施药雾滴密度和药液沉积量;根据2种器械施药后药液在树体分布均匀性、叶片上的沉积量和防效,获得适合苹果园防治苹果全爪螨的施药器械。【结果】3%阿维菌素微乳剂3 000倍、高密度、有效成分沉积量为0.207μg·cm-2,对苹果全爪螨的防效可超过92.01%;弥雾喷雾机在果园中施药均匀,流失量小,3%阿维菌素微乳剂3 000倍、每株施药量2-3 L,7 d防效超过95.07%;柱塞泵喷雾机施药不均匀、流失量高,每株施药量4-5 L,7 d防效超过92.08%,每株3 L施药量7 d防效小于90%。【结论】目前生产上使用3%阿维菌素微乳剂防治苹果园苹果全爪螨时,施药量高、效果差,造成浪费和污染严重,防治时应优先选择弥雾喷雾机,进行低药量施药。【Objective】Unsuitable spraying equipment and spraying volumes seriously limit efficient useof pesticides in apple and other fruit crops. In order to get a high control effect,farmers spray too muchpesticides to control pests. These poor measures may cause negative effects,such as pesticide dissipa-tion,lasting pollution and residue in fruit,etc. To solve these problems,the effects of droplets density,spraying volume and spraying equipment on the control efficiency of abamectin microemulsion against Panonychus ulmi were studied so as to obtain technical parameters for minimizing pesticide spraying in or-chards.【Methods】A high-voltage static sprayer（3WBJ-16DZ）,a plunger pump sprayer（LX-52） and amist sprayer（SSA-E500） were used to spray droplets of 3% abamectin microemulsion indoor and in appleorchard. UV VIS spectrophotometer（UV2800） was used to measure residues of abamectin on leaves andground. Three droplet densities were sprayed by a high-voltage static sprayer,including a low density（coverage rate of pesticide was 30%-35%）,a middle density（coverage rate 45%-55%） and a high densi-ty（coverage rate 65%-75%）. These droplet densities were sprayed in apple orchard to measure their con-trol efficacy against Panonychus ulmi. Abamectin residues were measured by a UV VIS spectrophotome-ter. According to control efficacy,abamectin residues and appropriate droplet density were obtained. Thecontrol effects of 3% abamectin microemulsion were studied by three spray volume sincluding 1.5 L pertree,2.0 L per tree,2.5 L per tree,with three concentrations,3 000 fold dilution,4 500 fold dilutionand 6 000 fold dilution. The control effects of plunger pump sprayer and mist sprayer against Panonychus ulmi were studied in a Red Fuji apple orchard with about 22-year-old trees. The doses for plunger pumpsprayer were 5 L per tree,4 L per tree and 3 L per tree,with a working pressure of 2.0 MPa and a bore di-ameter of 1.0 mm. The doses for mist sprayer were 3 L per tree and 2 L per tree,with a working p

关 键 词：苹果 果园 雾滴密度 施药量 施药器械 苹果全爪螨 防效 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]