“石门核桃”新品种——‘早硕’的选育  

Breeding of a new Shimen walnut cultivar ——‘Zaoshuo'

作　　者：毛向红[1,2] 张建英[1,2] 徐平 张莹莹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省林木良种工程技术研究中心,石家庄050061 [2]河北省林业科学研究院,石家庄050061 [3]河北省卢龙县林业局,河北卢龙066400

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第2期245-248,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：林业公益性行业专项"华北主要干果加工共性关键技术研究与新产品开发"(201304708)

摘　　要：‘早硕’是从"石门核桃"实生群体中选育出的具有优良品种特征的早实核桃新品种。坚果圆形,壳面较光滑。果实较大,平均单果重16.65 g,壳厚1.25 mm,内褶壁退化,横隔膜膜质,易取整仁。出仁率56.5%,脂肪含量66.8%,蛋白质含量18.4%。核仁丰满,淡黄色,核桃固有香味较浓。果实生育期120 d,在河北省卢龙县8月下旬至9月上旬成熟;萌芽率43.4%,成枝力3.2,成龄树结果枝率64.3%,侧芽结果率82.2%,每序平均坐果数1.6个,属早实类型。该品种早实性、丰产性好,抗病、抗寒能力较强。适合河北省太行山、燕山浅山丘陵及山前平原地区栽培。＇Zaoshuo＇ , a new early-beating walnut variety with excellent characteristics, was selected from natural crossing seedlings of ＇Xinjiang＇ walnut introduced to Lulong county in 1960s and Shimen walnut, a local variety in Lulong county, and approved in 2014. It was initially selected out in resources investigation in 2002 for its large fruit size, excellent quality, high yield, no obvious stem diseases and good continuously fruiting ability. By the method of top grafting, variety comparative testing orchard of 3 335 square meters was built in Chongyukou village of Lulong county, Hebei province in 2003. Through four years＇ investigation and comparison about graft compatibility, nut quality, beating habit and yield, it was identified as superior line in 2007. Regional adaptability testing of this superior line was carried out at five sites（Qipanshan Fruit Farm in Lulong county; Chongyukou village, Yanheying town, Lulong county; North Seedling Breeding Farm; Hebei Academy of Forestry Science; Xilingdi village Yuanshi county Shijiazhuang city） over three years from 2007 to 2009, using ＇Liaoning No. 1 ＇and ＇ Kuixiang＇ as check varieties. Results showed that this superior line had stable characters and outstanding econom- ic value, which meet the breeding objective of big nut, suitable shell thickness, easily taken kernel, strong stress resistance, strong aroma and high quality of ＇Shimen＇ walnut. It was name as ＇Zaoshuo＇ in 2012 and audited through the Committee for Forestry Varieties in Hebei province in 2014. The tree has moderate vigor, open gesture, high germinating rate, high branch- ing ability and early bearing characters. One year old branches were red brown with little sparse lentieels. The bud is round with a tip on the top. Leaflet is elliptical and the number of it is seven to nine, mostly nine. The quantity of male flowers is less. The color of stigma is yellow. Female flowers bloom earlier than male ones. The nut has a round shape, smooth shell, slightly tip on the top, fiat a

关 键 词：核桃 新品种 '早硕’ 早实 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]