用工短缺的特征事实与内在逻辑——全国个体私营企业抽样调查的证据  

Stylized Facts and Inherent Logic of Worker Shortages:Evidence from the National Sample Survey of Individually Owned and Private Enterprises

作　　者：高文书[1] 程杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2016年第1期30-43,共14页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金NSFC-CGIAR项目"人口变化;城乡人口流动和中国农业与农村发展"(项目编号:73161140370);中国社会科学院哲学社会科学创新工程项目"人口流动;人口聚集与新型城镇化"(项目编号:IPLE1406)

摘　　要："用工荒"现象被关注多年并有愈演愈烈之势。但这并不意味着用工短缺就将成为全局性现象或普遍性矛盾。2015年全国个体私营企业抽样调查显示,出现"用工缺口"的个体私营企业仅占20%左右,"用工荒"形势缓和受到宏观经济调整的影响,但关键因素在于更加充分的市场竞争机制,即个体私营经济中的劳动、资本和技术要素能够自由流动且有效配置,"用工荒"现象本质上是一个经济效率问题,生产率高、竞争力强的企业能够快速反应并有效规避用工短缺的困扰。文章指出,用工短缺在中国的转型期是一种局部性现象或结构性矛盾,根本解决之道是依靠资源配置效率和生产率的持续提升。During the demographic and economic transition in China,worker shortages are becoming more and more serious,which means the pattern of unlimited labor supply has been broken,and the Lewis Turning Point has arrived in China. However,it doesn＇t mean worker shortages will become a universal phenomenon. According to the national sample survey of individually owned and private enterprises in 2015,enterprises have exits actual worker shortages accounted for only about 20%. Under the nearly perfect competitive market,labor,capital and technology factors may flow freely and be allocated effectively,worker shortages are essentially an issue of economic efficiency. The enterprises with high productivity and strong competitiveness will not be shocked by worker shortages. China will continue to deepen the system reform and gradually shift to a perfect market- oriented economy,and worker shortages will always present as a local phenomenon or structural contradiction,and finally be solved by improving resource allocation and productivity.

关 键 词：用工短缺 劳动力成本 生产率 个体私营经济 

分 类 号：F241[经济管理—劳动经济]