中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究——膝内、外翻  

An empirical study on medical selection of flying cadets regarding genu varum and genu valgum between PLAAF and USAF

作　　者：厉晓杰 邹志康[1] 杜俊杰[2] 朱克顺[1] 袁超凡[1] 夏青[1] 吉保民[1] 马中立[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军总医院招飞体检队,北京100142 [2]空军总医院骨科,北京100142

出　　处：《军事医学》2016年第1期24-26,66,共4页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：全军后勤科研"十二五"重大项目(AKJ11J003)

摘　　要：目的探讨中美两军空军飞行学员选拔膝内、外翻医学标准的不同,并对我军招飞体检标准改革提供思路。方法调查我军2012~2015年招飞定选体检中膝内、外翻淘汰率与综合评定率,对比我空军与美空军飞行学员膝内、外翻医学选拔标准,并进行实证研究。结果每年因膝内、外翻淘汰人数均较少,4年共18人,占骨科疾病淘汰人数的9.1%;膝内、外翻应征者中2014年获得综合评定合格资格4人,2015年为31人,占骨科疾病获得综评合格总人数的15%。我军对膝内、外翻的筛选淘汰标准为形态学标准,美军标准没有直接的膝内、外翻标准条目,而是从功能出发,对膝内、外翻可能造成的症状和体征进行了全面的规定。我军2012~2015年因膝内、外翻而淘汰的18名应征者中,按照美军标准应有9人为合格。2014~2015年综评合格的35名膝内、外翻应征者中,按照美军标准也应有32名合格。结论我军目前膝内、外翻标准准确性较低,建议参考美军标准侧重功能评估,同时引入胫股角概念,改进形态学标准。Objective To reveal the difference between the standards for genu varum and genu valgum in the medical standard directory PLA Air Force（ PLAAF） for recruitment of flying cadets and those adopted in the United States Air Force（ USAF）,and suggest a method for the reform of our flying cadets recruitment. Methods The rejection rate and comprehe nsive assessment qualification rate of genu varum and genu valgum during physical examinations for recruitment of flying cadets between 2012 and 2015 were analyzed. The different standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF and USAF flying cadets recruitment were compared and subjected to an empirical study. Results During the final physical examination for selection of flying cadets between 2012 and 2015,only 18 candidates were eliminated because of genu varum and genu valgum,accounting 9. 1% of the total eliminated candidates because of orthopadics diseases. Four candidates with genu varum and genu valgum passed the comprehensive assessment in 2014 and 31 in 2015,which accounted for 15% of the candidates with orthopaedics diseases approved by comprehensive assessment. The standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF were based on morphology while those in the USAF based on the function of knees. According to the USAF medical standard directory,9 of the candidates rejected because of genu varum and genu valgum were qualified and 9 disqualified. Among the candidates with genu varum and genu valgum approved by comprehensive assessment,32 were qualified and 3 disqualified. Conclusion The standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF medical standard directory are of lower accuracy. The standards of USAF should be referred to and the function of knees should be considered in selection of flying cadets. Femur-tibia angle should be measured to improve the morphological standards.

关 键 词：膝内翻 膝外翻 飞行学员 医学选拔 美空军 医学标准 体格检查 

分 类 号：R851.3[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]