纳米储氢材料在推进剂中的应用研究进展  

Nanoscale Hydrogen-Storage Materials: Recent Progresses and Perspectives for Applications in Propellants

作　　者：杨燕京[1] 赵凤起[1] 仪建华[1] 罗阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2016年第2期194-201,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(21173163)

摘　　要：储氢材料的放氢热力学和动力学特性是影响其在固体推进剂中应用效果的重要因素,纳米化可以有效调节不同种类储氢材料的放氢热力学和动力学特性。综述指出纳米化学吸附储氢材料具有更低的放氢温度和更快的放氢速率,有利于在推进剂燃烧过程中充分利用储氢材料中所含的氢;纳米化学-物理吸附储氢材料可同时作为推进剂的氢源和燃烧催化剂;对物理吸附储氢材料的纳米结构特征的调节则有希望使其具备常温下能快速吸放氢的能力,有较好的应用前景。纳米储氢材料在固体推进剂中应用的关键在于掌握推进剂对储氢材料热力学和动力学特性的要求,从而依据要求通过纳米化手段对其进行调节,以获得具备适宜热力学和动力学特性的储氢材料。The dehydrogenation thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen-storage materials are critical for their applications in solid propellants. In this paper, the effects of nanosizing on dehydrogenation thermodynamics and kinetics of various categories of hydrogen-storage materials were systematically reviewed. It is revealed that the nanoscale chemical hydrogen-storage materials possess lower dehydrogenation temperatures and better dehydrogenation kinetics in comparison with their bulk counterparts, which is favorable for the full utilization of their hydrogen during the combustion of solid propellants. On the other hand, the nanoscale chemical-physical hydrogen-storage materials can be adopted as both hydrogen sources and combustion catalysts for propellants. In addition, it is believed that modifications in structural characteristics of nanoscale physical hydrogen-storage materials can enable them to dehydrogenate/hydrogenate fast at room temperature, illustrating their great potential as hydrogen sources for solid propellants. The key point for development of practical nanoscale hydrogen-storage materials as hydrogen sources for propellants is to determine the optimal thermodynamics and kinetics parameters for the applications, which are crucial for the design and preparation of nanoscale hydrogen-storage materials for propellants.

关 键 词：固体推进剂 储氢材料 纳米 热力学 动力学 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]