生态草业的特色产业体系与设计:以正蓝旗为例  

Characteristics and designing of eco-husbandry system: A case study in Zhenglan Banner, China

作　　者：蒋高明[1] 吴光磊[1] 程达[1] 郑延海[1] 刘美珍[1] 李彩虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第2期224-230,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KSZD-EW-Z-012-2)和中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2011-4-13-1)资助

摘　　要：基于生态学原理的环境友好型生态草业,很少或基本不造成环境污染,并能维持较高的初级生产力,保持初级生产与次级生产的有机链接,同时考虑城市消费市场,提高单位土地面积的经济产出.通过产业调整,可以实现利用少量土地,保护大量天然草原,促进退化草原恢复,并提高牧民收入的目标.本文介绍了草原管理中的生态系统设计理念、特色生态草业及其构成;生态草业的经济与生态效益;并以内蒙古正蓝旗为例,设计了主要特色产业,即草业、肉奶禽业、生物产业、生态旅游业和草-牧-科-工-贸联营体,即＂四业一体＂生态草业.通过规划调整,使项目区牧业经济效益,在保护前提下,提高50%~70%,最终目的实现草原生态与经济效益双赢,增加中国食物供应能力.The eco-husbandry experimental region based on ecological principles can be designed and built on a huge area in order to increase both production and environmental sustainability. Such a grassland industry might have little or none environmental impacts, if the primary and secondary production is wisely linked to each other. This can be achieved by taking into account of the urban consumer market while maintaining high primary productivity. Through industrial restructuring, using of small area of land to protect a large number of natural grassland, we can promote restoration of degraded grassland and improve the economic incomes for local society. Grassland ecological features, together with the characteristics of eco-husbandry and its composition, ecological and economic benefits of the eco-husbandry industry are introduced in this paper. A case study using the above mentioned principles are conducted in Zhenglan Banner, Hunshandake Sandland, Inner Mongolia. Features, namely, grass, meat, milk and poultry industries, grass-grazing, eco-tourism and bio-industry-science-industry-trade Consortium（＂four-in-one＂ eco-husbandry） are designed. On the bases of environmental conservation, the economic benefits of the project will be increased by 50%–70%. The ultimate goal of the project is to achieve the Prairie ecological and economic benefits with a win-win situation, finally increasng food supply for China＇s market.

关 键 词：生态草业 产业体系 设计 浑善达克 生态恢复 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] S812[农业科学—草业科学]