中国北方牧草种子生产的限制因素和关键技术  

Limited factors and key technologies of forage seed production in the northern of China

作　　者：毛培胜[1] 侯龙鱼[1] 王明亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学系,北京100193

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第2期250-260,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35);草业科学北京市重点实验室共建项目资助

摘　　要：牧草种子作为植物生命的载体,在草原植被更新和人工草地建植过程中不可或缺,是退化草原改良和高产人工草地建设成败的重要物质保障.种子生产技术的研究与实践一直都是种子生产者所关注的重点问题.针对我国牧草新品种选育和种子扩繁体系建设的现状,阐述种子生产的地域性、种子生产的认证制度、种子收获加工的机械化、土地成本等因素在我国北方地区牧草种子生产实践当中的限制作用.由于对这些因素的研究认识不足,尤其是忽视专业化种子生产对于气候条件的特殊要求、缺乏品种遗传特性的生产控制体系,导致牧草种子产量低、成本高,而且种子质量无法得到保证.另外,通过种子生产密度控制、水肥管理、授粉和收获等关键技术研究的分析比较,总结各项关键技术的指标要求,为我国牧草种子专业化生产奠定基础.基于牧草种子生产研究与实践的发展,提出草种业未来发展的重点工作领域,形成适应现代种业发展所需的牧草种子扩繁技术体系.It is essential for forage seeds as the carrier of plant living during the regeneration of rangeland vegetation and establishment of artificial grassland. Forage seed is an important material guarantee for the success in the improvement of degradated rangeland and establishment of artificial grassland with higher productivity. It is important for seed growers to pay attention to the researches on seed production technology. In this paper, it is illustrated for the status on the new forage variety breeding and the development of seed propagation system. The limited factors including production regions, certification system, mechanization of seed harvesting and land cost in the forage seed production in the northern of China were analyzed. These factors caused to lower seed yield and higher costs, and unable to maintain higher seed quality, as lacking of the related researches, especially the requirements for the climate and the control system of variety genetic characteristics were ignored in the seed production. Furthermore, compared with key technologies of seed production such as seeding density control, irrigation and fertilization management, pollinating and harvesting, the requirements of some technological indexes were summarized and provided the foundation for the forage seed professional production. According to the development of forage seed production research and practice, the authors proposed the important fields for the developing of forage seed industry in the future and prospected the establishment of seed propagation system required for the modern seed industry.

关 键 词：牧草 种子生产 种子扩繁 关键技术 限制因素 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]