对江苏新石器时代海面变化问题的再认识  

Recognition of sea-level change during the Neolithic period in the Jiangsu Area, East China

作　　者：朱诚[1] 吴立[2] 李兰[3] 赵泉鸿[4] 张文卿[5] 李开封[1] 李冰[1] 谭艳[1] 王坤华[1] 贾天骄[1] 郭天虹[1] 林留根[6] 丁金龙 王子健 何汉生 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210046 [2]安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院,芜湖241002 [3]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064 [4]同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092 [5]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,保定071051 [6]江苏省考古研究所,南京210016 [7]苏州市考古研究所,苏州215005 [8]海安县博物馆,海安226600 [9]镇江博物馆,镇江212002

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第3期374-387,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171163);湖泊与环境国家重点实验室开放基金(2012SKL003);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLLQG1206);国家社会科学基金(11&ZD183);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAK08B02);国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1103408);安徽自然灾害过程与防控研究省级实验室基金(AKLNDPP)资助

摘　　要：了解过去海面变化情况是预测未来的重要基础.从沿海地区考古地层中寻找过去海面变化的证据,将对探讨气候波动与海面变化的关系,及其对聚落形态、文化变迁影响的人地关系提供十分重要的线索.对江苏海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄、宜兴骆驼墩遗址地层AMS^(14)C测年、GPS-CORS系统高程测量和海相微体古生物鉴定分析发现,青墩遗址距地表389~489 cm(13.1~8.5 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为-0.65^-1.65 m)、陶庄遗址距地表156~230 cm(12.6~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.97~0.23 m)、开庄遗址距地表228~390 cm(10.3~7.8 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.03^-1.59 m)、骆驼墩遗址距地表255~279 cm(12.0~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为1.08~0.84 m)为显著的海相沉积地层,揭示在苏北海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄地区全新世初至7.8 cal ka BP为浅海沉积环境,并经历了海退成陆过程;而苏南太湖西部宜兴骆驼墩遗址全新世初至9.2 cal ka BP可能经历过短暂的滨海沉积环境.这为寻找该区新石器早期遗址提供了海拔高程和年代学方面的线索和依据.对苏州澄湖湖底62处古水井和102处灰坑顶底部GPS-CORS系统的测量也发现,崧泽文化、良渚文化、夏商周和战国时期,水井井口和灰坑顶部多在1985黄海高程0^-2 m之间,井底和灰坑底部多在-3 m左右;六朝和宋代水井的井口和灰坑顶部曾低于-1 m,水井井底和灰坑底部曾低于-4 m,表明澄湖是宋代以后才逐渐演变为湖泊的.Based on the detailed analyses, multi-proxies such as AMS14C dating, elevation measurements with GPS-CORS, and the identification of marine micropaleontology are used to research the archaeological stratums archived in the Qingdun site of Haian, the Taozhuang site and Kaizhuang site of Dongtai, and the Luotuodun site of Yixing, respectively. The results show that the depth of 389-489 cm （13.1-8.5 cal ka BP, 1985 Yellow Sea Datum -0.65-1.65 m） of Qingdun site, the depth of 156-230 cm （12.6-9.2 cal ka BP, 1985 Yellow Sea Datum 0.97-0.23 m） of Taozhuang site, the depth of 228-390 cm （10.3-7.8 cal ka BP, 1985 Yellow Sea Datum 0.03-1.59 m） of Kaizhaung site, and the depth of 255-279 cm （12.0-9.2 cal ka BP, 1985 Yellow Sea Datum 1.08-1.84 m） of Qingdun site are significant marine sedimentary strata. These indicate that there was still a shallow sea sedimentary environment from the beginning of the Holocene to 7.8 cal ka BP in the region of Haian and Dongtai in north Jiangsu. Meanwhile, there was also a shallow sea environment from the beginning of the Holocene to 9.2 cal ka BP to the west of Taihu Lake in south Jiangsu. These research findings not only improve the resolution of Holocene sea level changes, but also provide scientific clues and evidence for searching the early Neolithic sites in Jiangsu. In addition, the elevations of 62 ancient wells and 102 ash pits under the Chenghu Lake of Suzhou were measured using the GPS-CORS. These measured data suggest that in the Songze cultural period, the Liangzhu cultural period, the Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties and the Warring States period, the 1985 Yellow Sea Datum of the top of the wells and ash pits are mostly in between 0-2 m, and their bottom elevations are mostly around -3 m. In the six dynasties and the Song Dynasty, some 1985 Yellow Sea Datum of the top of the wells and ash pits are lower than -1 m, while some bottom elevations are lower than -4 m. This evidence demonstrates that the forming age of Chenghu Lake in Suzhou is in the period after the Song

关 键 词：江苏 新石器时代 海面变化 环境考古 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]