重庆市中小学生首次遗精与月经初潮现状及相关因素研究  

Associated factors related to first spermatorrhea and menarche among high and primary school students, in Chongqing

作　　者：李科琼[1] 王宏[1] 郭靖[1] 袁保诚[1] 管佩钰 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院妇幼卫生与儿童少年卫生学教研室医学与社会发展研究中心健康领域社会风险预测治理协同创新中心,400016

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2016年第2期169-173,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：卫生行业科研专项基金（201202010）

摘　　要：目的 分析中小学生月经初潮与首次遗精的现状及相关因素,为针对性开展性教育及健康教育提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,调查重庆市5～18岁10 498（男5 372,女5 126）名中小学生的体质及现状,应用概率单位回归法、χ^2检验、logistic回归分析进行统计分析。结果 城市男生首次遗精的年龄晚于农村0.218岁（Z=-73.287,P〈0.001）,城市女生月经初潮年龄早于农村0.073岁（Z=-71.589,P〈0.001）;家庭环境因素中男生已遗精组和未遗精组仅在母亲文化程度上差异有统计学意义（χ^2=21.564,P〈0.001）,而女生月经来潮组和未来潮组在家庭平均月收入上差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.175,P=0.046）;多因素logistic回归分析显示,喝奶、含糖饮料、高能量零食、BMI、臀围、身高、体重、是否独生子及每天睡眠时间与女生月经初潮有关,而与男生首次遗精相关的因素则为高能量零食、臀围、体重、身高、学校类型及母亲文化程度,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 重庆市中小学生首次遗精、月经初潮与家庭环境因素、饮食健康及每天睡眠时间密切相关。Objective To understand the status and correlative factors on menarche and first spermatorrhea among children and adolescents, in Chongqing, in order to provide theoretical basis for carrying out sex and health education in this population.Methods By random stratified and cluster sampling, 10 498 students（5 372 boys and 5 126 girls）, 5 to 18 years old and living in Chongqing urban districts, were enrolled.General situation and physical features of the population were studied.Statistics analysis system included logistic regression methods, t-test and chi-square test.Results For urban kids, first experience of spermatorrhea was 0.218 years later than those living in the rural areas（Z=-73.287, P〈0.001）, but median age for girls in urban areas was 0.073 years earlier than in rural areas（Z=-71.589, P〈0.001）.Except for factor as mother＇s education level in the family（χ^2=21.564, P〈0.001）, other family or environment related factors did not show significant difference between the two groups of boys（P〉0.05）.However, significant difference appeared in average family income（χ^2=6.175, P=0.046） between two groups of girls.Data from the logistic analysis showed that BMI, hip circumference, height, weight, number of children in the family, time of sleep and the diet structure were associated with menarche.Correlative factors of boys＇ first spermatorrhea would include：high-energy snacks, hip circumference, weight, height, school type and mother＇s education level（P〈0.05）.Conclusion First spermatorrhea and menstruation of boys and girls were closely related to environment of the family, diet and the time of sleep.

关 键 词：遗精 月经初潮 相关因素 

分 类 号：R339.31[医药卫生—人体生理学]