PCD刀具高速车削和铣削钛基复合材料的切削温度研究  

Cutting Temperature Investigation on Titanium Matrix Composites when High-speed Turning and Milling Using PCD Tool

作　　者：葛英飞[1] 宦海祥[2] 徐九华[2] 李阳阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院 [2]南京航空航天大学

出　　处：《工具技术》2016年第1期12-17,共6页Tool Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51275227);江苏省青蓝工程项目(2014);南京市科技计划项目(201306024)

摘　　要：使用聚晶金刚石刀具,在切削速度为15-150m/min范围内对体分比为0-10%的颗粒增强及颗粒/晶须混合增强钛基复合材料进行车削和铣削试验。分别采用自然热电偶和半自然夹丝热电偶法对车削和铣削时的切削热电势进行了测量,并用比较法快速标定系统对热电势进行了标定。结果表明:PCD刀具切削钛基复合材料时,切削温度随切削速度的增加而显著增加,切削速度从15m/min增大到150m/min时,切削温度从260℃增加到590℃。研究发现,刀具磨损对切削温度存在显著影响,磨损刀具(VB=0.1mm)比新刀的切削温度普遍高60-90℃。切削体分比为5%钛基复合材料时的温度高于其基体材料(钛合金TC4)的切削温度,但随增强相含量的进一步增大,切削温度反而略有降低(降低5%)。由于PCD刀具在较高速度下切削钛基复合材料时切削温度接近或超过PCD刀具在空气中的使用温度,切削过程中刀具会发生明显的化学磨损,从而在前刀面形成显著的月牙洼磨损形态。High-speed turning and milling tests were performed on vol.（ 0- 10%） TiC_p/ TC_4 and vol. 10%（ TiC_p＋TiBw） / TC4 composite in the speed range of 15- 150 m / min using PCD tools to investigate the cutting temperatures and its influence factors. The workpiece（ TMC）-tool（ PCD） natural thermocouple was used to measure the turning temperature while the workpiece（ TMC）-constantan thermocouple was used to measure the milling temperature. The calibration of the measured electromotive force was conducted by using a special quick calibration system. The results showed that the cutting temperature range was 260- 590 ℃ under the cutting parameters used. Cutting speed and tool wear had a significant effect on cutting temperature. For all the machining tests,the cutting temperature for the new tool was 60- 90 ℃ higher than that for the worn tool（ VB = 0. 1mm） at all cutting speed levels used. The cutting temperature for the vol. 5% titanium composites was higher than that for the TC4 matrix. However,it slightly decreased（ by 5%） when relatively higher volume fraction composites were used. In general,the value of the cutting temperature was close to or higher than the permitted using value of PCD tool in the air,which resulted in the significant crater wear on the rake face when machining under high cutting speed.

关 键 词：钛基复合材料 高速车削 高速铣削 PCD刀具 切削温度 刀具磨损 

分 类 号：TG501.4[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]