青岛市区表层土壤多环芳烃分布特征、来源及潜在风险  

Distribution, Sources and Potential Risk Assessment of PAHs in Surface Soil of Qingdao City

作　　者：张道来[1,2] 刘娜[3] 叶青[2] 林学辉[2] 田洛坤 颜冬云[3] 孟宪伟[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛大学化学化工与环境学院,山东青岛266071 [4]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2016年第1期7-12,共6页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41306064;41376075);中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(12120113015400);国土资源部公益性行业基金项目(201411072)

摘　　要：对青岛市市区内54个站点表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其分布特征进行了研究,对其来源进行了解析,对潜在风险进行了评价。结果表明,青岛市表层土壤中16种需要优先控制的多环芳烃总量为10.28-8 925.16 ng/g,平均含量为1 081.22 ng/g,且荧蒽、苯并（a）芘的含量较高,平均含量分别为557.93 ng/g,114.90 ng/g。5个区内PAHs平均含量由高到低依次为市北区〉市南区〉四方区〉李沧区〉崂山区。与国内外多个城市表层土壤中多环芳烃污染状况比较,青岛市多环芳烃污染状况处于中等水平。运用特征比值法对多环芳烃来源进行解析发现,青岛市区内表层土壤中多环芳烃来源主要为石油燃烧源及石油源。采用效应区间低、中值法（ERL/ERM）,对青岛市表层土壤中的多环芳烃进行生态风险评价表明,仅在商圈及交通稠密区个别站点超出了效应区间低值（ERL）,会对生态环境产生很小负面效应。通过对16种优先控制PAHs中毒性当量因子最高、致癌性最强的苯并（a）芘的等效致癌毒性（BEQ）对人体健康构成的威胁进行评价,结果显示仅有少数站点的等效致癌毒性稍高于荷兰及加拿大标准,对人体健康存在一定潜在危害,但危害程度较低。The distribution and risk assessment of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） were investigated in soil of Qingdao City. The results indicated that the total PAHs contents in the surface soil varied from 10.28 to 8 925.16ng/g, with an average of 1 081.22 ng/g. Fluoranthene and benzo（a） pyrene contents had the rather mean value of 557.93ng/g and 114.90 ng/g. The degree of the PAHs contamination was in the order： Shibei District 〉 Shinan District 〉Sifang District 〉Licang District 〉 Laoshan District. Compared with other cities at home and all over the world, the pollution level of Qingdao City was moderate. The PAHs in the study area were mainly originated from a petroleum burning source and a petroleum source as indicated by the isomer ratio and principal component analysis. The ecological risks of PAHs in the surface soil were evaluated according to the soil quality guideline ERL（Effects Range Low） and ERM（Effects Range Median）. In the case of average ERL quotient of the PAH species, only few samples sited in the business districts and busy traffic regions had greater average ERL value than the standard. So the negative effects of 16 PAHs on the environment of the surface soils from Qingdao City were low. Finally, the health risk assessment of PAHs was determined by the BEQ of benzo（a） pyrene, suggesting that the toxicity of PAHs in few sites was at high level and may have little potential risk for people＇s health.

关 键 词：青岛 表层土壤 多环芳烃 分布特征 来源 潜在风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]