北疆常年膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分积累特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Cotton Field Soil Salt Accumulation under Perennial Mulched Drip Irrigation in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：虎胆.吐马尔白 赵永成[1] 马合木江.艾合买提 朱冬桥 李慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：新疆自治区"十二五"重大专项(201130103-3);国家自然科学基金项目(51469033);新疆水利水电重点学科基金项目

摘　　要：根据6块北疆常年膜下滴灌棉田生育期内4a的土壤盐分监测资料,分析了不同膜下滴灌年限棉田土壤盐分的积累特征。结果表明,膜下滴灌棉田各层土壤盐分随着种植年限的增加先减少后增加。膜下滴灌前6a,棉田各层土壤初始含盐量较高,随着膜下滴灌年限的增加,表层土壤盐分受滴灌淋洗作用不断减小,各层土壤呈脱盐趋势;膜下滴灌种植6a后,由于灌水量的限制,膜下滴灌不具有深层淋洗作用,积盐区土壤盐分随着膜下滴灌年限的增加不断向上扩大,很容易受到温度、灌水制度、地下水位抬升、蒸发等影响,从而在耕作层附件形成多个积盐区,造成土壤返盐,威胁作物生长发育,使作物死亡或减产,甚至造成土壤次生盐碱化。因此,对种植年限6a的棉田要及时进行漫灌,对于膜下滴灌年限更久的棉田要增加漫灌次数或缩短漫灌周期。如果没有漫灌条件,可以尝试在每年生育期末进行1次或2次穿插灌水,从而抑制盐分上移。Through monitoring soil salinity data in cotton filed under film drip irrigation cotton,soil salt accumulation characteristics in cotton field were analyzed under different drip irrigation years.The results showed that：under film drip irrigation cotton planting for 6years,soil salt content was high and decreased with the drip irrigation year increasing with a desalinization trend;After planting for 6years under film drip irrigation,soil salt accumulation increased due to the limit of irrigation water amount,which was easily affected by temperature,irrigation program,the lifting of groundwater level and evaporation,and developed several accumulated salt areas near plowing layer,which harmed crop growth and resulted in crop death or even caused crop production,or soil secondary salinization.Therefore,flood irrigation should be recommended in the cotton planting for 6years while irrigation frequency should be increased in the cotton planting for longer time.The field should be irrigated one or two times in the end growth stage yearly to restrain the move-up of soil salinity if flood irrigation could not be conducted.

关 键 词：北疆 棉田 膜下滴灌 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S275.6