不同水分胁迫和覆盖方式对番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Water Stresses and Mulch Managements on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Tomato

作　　者：潘红霞[1] 付恒阳[2] 王建莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710054 [2]陕西理工学院历史文化与旅游学院,陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第1期42-46,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：教育部国家外专局高等学校学科创新引智计划("111")项目(B08039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(0009-2014G1291076)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了不同水分胁迫和覆盖方式对番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,轻度水分胁迫下果实产量为36.3×10~3 kg/hm^2,中度和高度水分胁迫下,果实产量相较于轻度水分胁迫分别减少了11.3%和31.7%;秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖比无覆盖条件下果实产量分别增加25.3%和16.5%。秸秆覆盖条件下,水分利用效率、净蒸散利用效率及灌溉水利用效率最高,分别为19.7、47.5和16.7kg/m^3,地膜覆盖条件下则略为低一些,无覆盖条件下最低。针对最大水分利用效率和最大产量的耗水量临界值,相较于无覆盖和地膜覆盖,秸秆覆盖条件下临界值差别最小为60mm。不同水分胁迫下秸秆覆盖方式可明显改善土壤的水分状况,促进番茄生长,显著提高作物产量和水分利用效率。Through field experiments,the effects of different water stress and mulch managements on water use efficiency and yield of tomato were studied.The results showed that the fruit yield was 36.3×103kg/hm-2 under mild water stress,and they decreased by 11.3%and 31.7% under moderate and high water stress.Compared with no mulch,fruit yield increased by 25.3% and 16.5% under straw mulch and polyethylene mulch respectively.Under straw mulch,water use efficiency,net evapotranspiration efficiency and irrigation efficiency were the highest of 19.7kg/m-3,47.5kg/m-3 and 16.7kg/m-3,respectively,they were slightly lower under polyethylene mulch,and they were the lowest under no mulch.By calculation of marginal analysis of water production function,the thresholds of seasonal evapotranspiration against maximum water use efficiency and maximum yield were obtained.The difference of the threshold under straw mulch was very small and was only 60 mm compared with no mulch and polyethylene mulch.Under different water stress,straw mulch could improve soil water status significantly,promote the growth of tomato,and increase the yield and water use efficiency of crops obviously.

关 键 词：水分胁迫 覆盖方式 水分利用效率 作物水分生产函数 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]