某集团煤矿接尘工人肺功能损伤现状及其影响因素  

Status and influencing factors of pulmonary dysfunction among dust-exposed miners in a coal group

作　　者：王珍 姚三巧[2] 

机构地区：[1]徐州矿务集团总医院,江苏徐州221006 [2]新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第2期166-171,共6页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对某集团煤矿接尘工人肺功能损伤的现状和流行病学特征的分析,探讨其影响因素,为保护接尘工人健康提供科学依据。方法收集2013年6月-2014年5月该集团甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5个煤矿879名男性接尘工人的健康监护资料,调查其人口统计学信息、职业史、疾病史、吸烟情况等,分析该集团煤矿接尘工人的肺功能损伤程度及其影响因素。结果接尘工人用力肺活量（FVC）、1秒钟用力呼气量（FEV1.0）、1秒钟用力呼气率（FEV1.0%）、峰值呼气流速（PEFR）、最大呼气中期流量（MMF）、25%FVC时的流速/被测者的身高（V25/Ht）异常检出率分别为12.97%、15.93%、19.68%、39.82%、41.41%、34.70%。检出通气功能异常者为220例。肺功能损伤类型以阻塞性为主（12.06%）,混合性次之（7.62%）,限制性最少（5.35%）。丙和戊矿接尘工人肺功能损伤程度较重,表现为丙矿FVC、FEV1.0、FEV1.0%和戊矿V25/Ht的总体均数下降最明显。吸烟指数为0、≤200、〉200时,FEV1.0%的异常检出率分别为8.05%、15.52%、40.98%;年龄为〈30、30～、40～和50岁～时,FEV1.0%的总体均数分别为85.18±5.70、81.55±9.79、79.37±10.19、75.28±10.18;接尘工龄为〈10、10～、20～、30 a～时,FVC的异常检出率分别为13.33%、14.71%、18.63%、29.41%。多因素分析表明,排除年龄、吸烟的混杂影响,工种、接尘工龄是肺通气功能损伤的危险因素。结论该集团煤矿接尘工人肺功能损伤主要表现为阻塞性通气功能障碍,肺通气功能的改变与年龄、接尘工龄、工种及吸烟的关系密切相关。[Objective]To analyze the current situation and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary dysfunction among dust- exposed miners in a coal group, explore the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for protecting the health of dust- exposed miners.[Methods]The occupation health care data of 879 male dust-exposed workers from A ,B ,C ,D and E mines of this group from June 2013 to May 2014 were collected, to investigate their demographic information, occupation history, disease history and disease history, and analyze the degree and influencing factors of pulmonary dysfunction among dust-exposed miners. [Results]The abnormal rate of FVC, FEVL0, FEVj0%, PEFR, MMF and V25/Ht was 12.97%, 15.93%, 19.68%, 39.82%, 41.41% and 34.70%, respectively. 200 workers were detected with pulmonary dysfunction. The most common type of pulmonary dysfunction was obstructive type（12.06%）, followed by the mixed type（7.62%）, and the restricted type accounted for the lowest proportion（5.35%）. The degree of pulmonary dysfunction in dust-exposed workers from C mine and E mine was serious relatively, which mainly presented that the decreased extents on average level of FVC, FEV1.0 and FEVI.0% in C mine and V25/Ht in E mine were the most significant.When smoking index was 0, ≤200 and 〉200, the abnormal rate of FEVI.0% was 8.05%, 15.52% and 40.98%, respectively. In 〈30, 30～40, 40～50 and 〉50 year-old age group, the average level of FEV1.0% was 85.18±5.70, 81.55± 9.79, 79.37±10.19 and 75.28±10.18, respectively.In exposure age groups of 〈30, 10～20, 20～30 and 〉30 years, the abnormal rate of FVC was 13.33%, 14.71%, 18.63% and 29.41%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the work type and exposure years were the risk factors of pulmonary dysfunction after excluding the confounding influence caused by age and smoking. [Conclusion]The lung injury of the dust-exposed miners in this coal group is characterized by obstructive ventilatory dysfunction, and the change of pulmonary ventilation fun

关 键 词：煤矿 接尘工人 肺功能 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]