2014年陕西省某县饮水型氟中毒改水效果评价  

Effect evaluation of water-improving project against drinking water type fluorosis in a county of Shanxi Province in 2014

作　　者：范中学[1] 杨晓栋[1] 周蓉[1] 杜怡[1] 崔成宝[1] 任宇飞[1] 李晓茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所氟砷病防研室,陕西西安710003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第2期231-234,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的掌握陕西省饮水型氟中毒改水工程运行情况及降氟效果,为饮水型氟中毒防治工作提供科学依据。方法于2014年对陕西省咸阳市某县14个饮水型氟中毒病区镇进行调查,每个镇随机抽查1处防氟改水工程覆盖的自然村,采用Deans法对该村8～12周岁所有在校儿童进行氟斑牙检查;随机抽取6个调查村采集接受氟斑牙检查的儿童尿样,按照WS/T 89-1996中的方法检测尿氟含量,依据WS/T 256-2005进行评价;每个改水村采集末梢水1份,按照GB/T 5750-2006中的氟化物离子选择电极法检测水氟含量,依据GB 5749-2006进行评价。结果共调查防氟改水工程14处,正常供水率100%（14/14）,覆盖率100%（20 302/20 302）;共采集14份防氟改水工程末梢水,其中水氟含量在1.2 mg/L以下的防氟改水工程占64.29%（9/14）,超过1.2 mg/L以上的防氟改水工程占35.71%（5/14）,高氟暴露人口占调查人口数的49.95%（10 141/20 302）;共检测儿童尿样622份,尿氟含量几何均值1.95 mg/L,超标率为70.42%（438/622）;共调查14个村8～12岁儿童1 145名,氟斑牙检出率为58.34%（688/1 145）。结论陕西省饮水型氟中毒防治措施虽已落实,但防氟改水工程水氟超标普遍,病情较为严重,防治任务还很艰巨。进一步寻找低氟水源,加大病区改水力度,加强病情监测、健康教育和改水工程的管理工作是防治饮水型氟中毒的关键。[Objective]To know the operation status and reducing fluoride effect of water-improving project against drinking water type fluorosis in Shanxi Province, provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of drinking water type fluorosis.[Methods]14 towns in a county existing drinking water type fluorosis in Shanxi Province were enrolled in this study in 2014. One village with water-improving and defluoridation project was randomly selected from each town,and the dental fluorosis was examined among school children aged 8-12 years old in the villages by Deans method. The urine samples were randomly collected from children who received the dental fluorosis examination in 6 investigated villages,the urine fluoride content was detected according to WS/T 89-1996,and evaluated according to WS/T 256-2005. One sample of peripheral water were collected from each village with water-improving project,the water fluorine content was detected by the fluorine ion selective electrode according to GB/T 5750-2006,and evaluated according to GB 5749-2006. [Results]Totally 14 water-improving and defluoridation projects were investigated, and the normal water supply rate and coverage rate was 100%（14/14） and 100%（20 302/20 302）respectively. Totally 14 peripheral water samples of water-improving project were detected,the water-improving projects which the water fluorine content was lower than 1.2 mg/L accounted for 64.29%（9/14）,and the projects which the water fluorine content higher than 1.2 mg/L accounted for 35.71%（5/14）. The people exposed to high fluoride level accounted for 49.95%（10 141/20 302） of total investigated people. Totally 622 urine samples of children were detected,the geometric mean of the urine fluoride content was 1.95 mg/L,with the over standard rate of 70.42%（438/622）. A total of 1145 children aged 8-12 from 14 villages were detected,and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 58.34%（688/1 145）. [Conclusion]Despite the prevention measures against drinking water type fluorosis have

关 键 词：氟中毒 防氟改水 氟斑牙 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]