基于SWAT模型的阿什河流域非点源污染控制措施  

Non-point source pollution control of Ashihe Basin based on SWAT Model

作　　者：马放[1,2] 姜晓峰[1,2] 王立[1,2] 李光明[1,2] 李哲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]哈尔滨工业大学宜兴环保研究院,江苏宜兴214205

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2016年第2期610-618,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51179041);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07201007);黑龙江省自然科学基金(E201206);城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学)自主课题(2014TS05)

摘　　要：以阿什河流域为研究区,建立了SWAT模型,并通过情景模拟技术分别模拟了退耕还林.等高种植、化肥减量与植被过滤带等非点源污染控制措施及其综合效果.结果表明：通过坡耕地退耕还林,可减少1.03%-5.35%的非点源TN负荷与0.94%-8.09%的非点源TP负荷;通过等高耕作,可减少0.51%-2.77%的非点源TN负荷与0.49%-4.54%的非点源TP负荷;通过20%的化肥减量可减少0.65%-6.52%的非点源TN负荷与0.01%-2.95%的非点源TP负荷;20m的植被过滤带可减少42.62%-69.51%的非点源TN负荷与80.09%-86.27%的非点源TP负荷.通过综合管理措施,可减少34.90%-54.36%的TN负荷与35.32%-60.89%的TP负荷.为达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中Ⅳ类水体TN与TP的浓度标准,2006-2010年尚需削减45.87%-82.53%的点源TN负荷与35.58%-66.85%的点源TP负荷.Ashi River Basin was selected as the study area to establish soil and water assessment tool（SWAT） model under the support of the scenario simulation technology to simulate the returning farmland to forest, terracing, fertilizer reduction,vegetation filtering belt strips,their syntaxic control measures and its comprehensive effect.Results showed that： returning farmland to forest mode could reduce 1.03%-5.35% of NPS-TN load and 0.94%-8.09% of NPS-TP load. Terracing mode could reduce 0.51%-2.77% of NPS-TN load and 0.49%-4.54% of NPS-TP load. Fertilizer reducing mode could reduce 0.65%-6.52% of NPS-TN load and 0.01%-2.95% of NPS-TP load. Filter strips mode could reduce 42.62%-69.51% of NPS-TN load and 80.09%-86.27% of NPS-TP load. Syntaxic mode could reduce 34.90%-54.36% of TN load and 35.32%-60.89% of TP load. For reaching the water quality goal of ‘Environmental quality standards for surface water＇（GB3838-2002）, 45.87%-82.53% of PS-TN load and 35.58%- 66.85% PS-TP load should be reduced yet.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 非点源 情景模拟 污染控制 阿什河流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]