甘蔗需水量及其与气象因素的相关性分析  

Water requirement of sugarcane and its correlation with meteorological factors

作　　者：罗维钢 褚俊英[2] 黄忠华 廖婷 桑学锋[2] 谭文艳 莫凡 田军 

机构地区：[1]南宁市灌溉试验站,南宁530001 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第1期74-82,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项项目(201301013);广西水利科技项目(201313);中国水利水电科学研究院科研业务专项项目(ZJ1224)

摘　　要：【目的】研究甘蔗品种新台糖22号（ROC22）需水量的动态变化及其与气象因素的关系,为制定适宜甘蔗生长的灌溉制度及探讨气候变化对甘蔗需水量的影响提供数据支撑和理论参考。【方法】在2012、2013年ROC22生长期间,采用坑测法测量甘蔗需水量及棵间蒸发量和叶面蒸腾量,计算α值和模系数,绘制甘蔗需水量与产量的关系曲线,同时利用测坑配套的气象站观测温度、空气湿度、蒸发量、降雨、风速、日照时数等气象指标,运用DPS软件分析甘蔗需水量与气象因素的相关性。【结果】甘蔗需水量及棵间蒸发量、叶面蒸腾量均呈先上升后逐渐下降的变化趋势;甘蔗伸长期需水量最高,其次是分蘖期,成熟期最低;α值和模系数在3-4月与9-11月较低,6-8月较高。甘蔗产量随需水量、叶面蒸腾量的增加呈线性增高,而棵间蒸发量与产量的相关性不明显。在甘蔗生长期间,气温、地面温度及蒸发量呈抛物线趋势变化;日照时数、风速、相对湿度、绝对湿度呈波动式下降;饱和差2012年变化较平稳,2013年则有较大的变幅。甘蔗需水量与气温、地面温度、蒸发量呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与日照时数、绝对湿度、饱和差存在不同程度的正相关,但未达显著水平（P〉0.05）,与风速和相对湿度无明显的相关性。【结论】甘蔗需水量呈单峰曲线变化,幼苗期和成熟期需水量较低,伸长期需水量较高。甘蔗需水量与产量存在显著的正相关,同时受气候条件影响,其中气温、地面温度的影响最大。【Objective】The dynamic changes of ROC22 water requirement and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied, in order to provide data support and theoretical reference for formulating scientific and reasonable irrigation system and investigating effect of climate change on sugarcane water requirement. 【Method】Using sugarcane variety ROC22 as material, the sugarcane water requirement, soil evaporation capacity between plants and leaf transpiration were measured during growth period in 2012 and 2013 by soil pit method. Then α-value and modulus coefficient were calculated to draw relation curve of sugarcane water requirement and yield. And the temperature, air humidity, evaporation capacity, rainfall,wind speed, sunshine hours and other weather indicators were determined by test-pit experiments of meteorological station.Then using DPS software, the correlations between sugarcane water requirement and meteorological factors were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that, the sugarcane water requirement, soil evaporation capacity between plants and leaf transpiration increased firstly to peak values, then decreased gradually. And the water requirement at elongating stage was the highest, followed by that at tillering stage, then the lowest at mature stage. Moreover, α-value and modulus coefficient were lower from March to April and from September to November, and higher from June to August. And sugarcane yield increased linearly with the increase of water requirement and leaf transpiration, but the soil evaporation capacity between plants was＇ t significantly correlated with sugarcane yield. During growth period of sugarcane, the air temperature, ground temperature and evaporation capacity presented parabolic change trend. In addition, the sunshine hours, wind speed, relative humidity, absolute humidity showed fluctuant decreasing trends, and the saturation deficit changed more smoothly in 2012, but which changed in greater range in 2013. Furthermore, the sugarcane water requirement was extr

关 键 词：甘蔗 需水量 气象因素 相关性 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]