云南松种子发芽及幼苗保存对土壤水分和有机肥的响应  

Responses of Pinus yunnanensis seed germination and seedling conservation to soil water moisture and organic fertilizer

作　　者：王文俊[1] 张薇[1] 李莲芳[1] 郑书绿 鲍雪纤 王文静[1,2] 郭樑[1,3] 苏柠[1] 于国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [2]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000 [3]西安中交环境工程有限公司,西安710000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第1期87-91,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170585)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨云南松种子发芽及幼苗保存对施有机肥、浇水频率和覆盖类型的响应,为提高其发芽率和幼苗保存率提供参考依据。【方法】采用U12（6×3×2）均匀设计,分析有机肥施肥量（A1：4.0 kg/m2,A2：5.0 kg/m2,A3：0kg/m2,A4：1.0 kg/m2,A5：2.0 kg/m2,A6：3.0 kg/m2）、浇水频率（B1：每6 d浇水1次,B2：每4 d浇水1次,B3：每2 d浇水1次）和覆盖类型（C1：松针,C2：温棚）3个试验因素的处理组合（1-12）对云南松苗圃土壤水含率、种子发芽率和幼苗保存率的影响。【结果】4、5和6月各处理组合平均土壤水含率分别为7.1%-23.9%、14.2%-25.4%和15.8%-25.5%,其中处理组合1、2、7和8的土壤水含率显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01,下同）高于其他处理组合;3个月中,云南松种子发芽率和幼苗保存率分别为10.4%-83.4%和0-57.0%。4月处理组合1的发芽率极显著高于除处理组合2、3、7和8外的其他处理组合;5和6月雨季开始,土壤最低含水率已能满足种子发芽需求,各处理组合间的发芽率差异不显著（P〉0.05）;温棚覆盖处理组合的幼苗保存率明显高于松针覆盖处理组合。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,各月份土壤水含率、种子发芽率及保存率与试验因素呈一元或二元线性关系;影响土壤水含率、种子发芽率及幼苗保存率（覆盖类型的保存率除外）的主要因子是浇水频率。【结论】土壤水含率是云南松种子萌发和幼苗保存的关键因子,控制土壤水含量是提高其种子发芽率和幼苗保存率的重要保障。【Objective】In order to provide technical and theoretical references of improving seed germination rate and seedling survival rate of Pinus yunnanensis, the response of P. yunnanensis seed germination and young seedling survival to organic fertilizer, watering frequency and cover type were investigated. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted according to U12（6×3×2） uniform design, which included 3 experimental factors viz., organic fertilizer amount（A1： 4.0 kg/m2, A2： 5.0 kg/m2, A3： 0 kg/m2, A4： 1.0 kg/m2, A5： 2.0 kg/m2, A6： 3.0 kg/m2）, watering frequency（B1： watering once every 6 days, B2： watering once every 4 days, B3： watering once every 2 days） and cover type（C1： pine needles, C2：greenhouse）, amounting to 12 treatment combinations（TCs）. Then the effects of all TCs on soil moisture content（SMCs）,seed germination rate and seedling survival rate were determined and analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that, mean SMCs of all TCs in April, May and June were 7.1%-23.9%, 14.2%-25.4% and 15.8%-25.5%, respectively. And SMCs of TC 1, 2, 7 and 8 were significantly（P〈0.05） or extremely significantly（P〈0.01, the same below） higher than those of other TCs. In addition, in April, May and June, the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate were 10.4%-83.4%and 0-57.0%, respectively. The seed germination rate of TC 1 was significant higher than those of other TCs except TC 2,3, 7 and 8 in the April. The SMCs could meet requirements of seed germination in rainy seasons（starting from May and June）, so that there were non-significant differences in seed germination rate between different TCs（P〉0.05）. Moreover,the survival rate of seedling in the greenhouse was significant higher than that of pine needles covered. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that, the monthly SMC, seed germination rate and seedling survival rate had unary or binary linear correlations with experimental factors in the April, May and

关 键 词：云南松 发芽率 幼苗保存 土壤水分 有机肥 均匀试验设计 

分 类 号：S791.257[农业科学—林木遗传育种]