每日最大污染负荷(TMDL)计划的借鉴意义与我国水污染总量控制管理流程  

Use of TMDL for Reference and Flow-Chat of Management of Water Pollution Volume Control in China

作　　者：刘庄[1] 刘爱萍[1] 庄巍[1] 张丽[1] 何斐[1] 解宇锋 杭小帅[1] 高吉喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第1期47-52,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK2011081);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07503-004;2012ZX07506-007)

摘　　要：在系统调研相关文献的基础上,分析了美国每日最大污染负荷(total maximum daily loads,TMDL)计划的框架、特点和研究进展,对比美国的先进经验,对我国水污染总量的控制管理和研究现状进行了全面分析,认为污染总量削减考核指标单一、总量控制和减排目标的制定未考虑水环境容量、总量控制和减排未与水质改善挂钩以及管理与科研脱节等是我国目前水污染总量管控存在的主要问题。需加强水质模型、污染负荷与水环境容量计算方面的研究,建立相对客观且可操作性强的污染减排效果评估与考核方案。借鉴TMDL计划,提出了完善我国水污染总量管控技术流程与方案的建议。Based on the review of relevant literatures,the framework and characters of TMDL（ total maximum daily loads）and the research in progress have been analyzed. Using the TMDL for reference,problems in pollution volume control of China are discussed. The results show that the indices for performance assessment of total pollution volume reduction are too simple; the formulation of the targets of the total volume control and pollution reduction failed to take into account of aquatic environmental capacity; the total volume control and pollution reduction is not related to improvement of water quality; and management and scientific research go adrift.It is,therefore,essential to strengthen the researches on water quality modeling and calculation of pollution load and water environmental capacity,and to develop a relatively objective and highly operable scheme for evaluation and performance assessment of pollution reduction. Proposals are brought forth for consummate the technical flow and scheme for water pollution total volume control in China.

关 键 词：水污染总量控制 每日最大污染负荷 水环境容量 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X321