污水处理厂接种物的多样性及对化学品生物降解的影响  

Diversification of Inocula and Its Effect on Biodegradation of Chemicals in Sewage Treatment Plant

作　　者：林春骏[1,2] 周林军[2] 刘济宁[2] 杨倩[2] 石利利[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第1期102-109,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA060A308);环保公益性行业科研专项(2013467028);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项

摘　　要：生物降解是化学品在环境中的主要去除途径,接种物来源和特性是快速生物降解性测试结果产生差异的重要因素。从广州和贵阳市6家生活污水处理厂采集活性污泥和二级出水,分别培养得到64和52株细菌,共有菌属为气单胞菌（Aeromonas）、芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）和肠杆菌（Enterobacter）。变性梯度凝胶电泳结果显示,广州市3家污水处理厂活性污泥和二级出水条带数量分别为53~58和38~43条;而贵阳市3家污水处理厂分别为29~42和30~42条。6种来源的接种物对易降解的萘甲酸和难降解的4-硝基苄氯生物降解测试结果较一致,接种物来源差异对中等降解性的联苯生物降解结果影响显著,其接种物多样性与生物降解性呈正相关关系。Biodegradation is a major means to eliminate chemicals in environment. Sources and bio-characteristics of inocula are the major factors affecting biodegradability of chemicals. Activated sludge and secondary effluent was collected from6 sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou and Guiyang City and cultivated for isolation of biodegrading bacteria. A total of 64 and 52 strains of bacteria were isolated from the sludge and effluent collected in Guangzhou and Guiyang City,respectively,Aeromonas,Bacillus,and Enterobacter were common strains included in the two groups. Polymerase chain reaction analysis shows that 53-58 and 38-43 bands were detected in the sludge and effluent,respectively,collected from the three sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou City,and 29-42 and 30-42 bands in the sludge and effluent,respectively,collected from the three sewage treatment plants in Guiyang City. They were used as inocula for biodegradation of chemicals. Test of the inocula from 6 different sources biodegrading readily degradable naphthoic acid and hardly degradable 4-nitro benzyl chloride show that they were more or less the same in degrading effect,but they varied in effect of degrading moderately degradable biphenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenol,which displayed inhibitory effects on the inocula. All the findings show that biodegradation of the pollutants is positively related to diversity of the inocula.

关 键 词：活性污泥 接种物 化学品 生物降解 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]