不同豆禾混播模式的草地生产性能  

Determination and comparison of the production performance of pastures among different spatial structure of legume-grass mixtures

作　　者：祁军[1] 郑伟[2,3] 张鲜花[2,3] 唐高溶[2] 王祥[2] 朱进忠[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第1期116-128,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2012I19);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201003023);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项--应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题(XDA05050405);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD45B03)

摘　　要：选择5种豆科与禾本科牧草建植同行与异行豆禾混播草地,混播种类为2种豆禾牧草混播、5种豆禾牧草混播,豆禾混播比例为豆禾比6∶4、5∶5和4∶6。依据2012-2013年各混播组合的牧草产量、粗蛋白产量、粗脂肪产量、中性洗涤纤维产量、相对产量总和(RYT)及豆科牧草与禾草的相对密度和相对产量相异度,分析了不同混播群落空间结构下各混播处理的生产性能变化。结果表明,混2-1(鸭茅Dactylis glomerata+红豆草Onobrychis viciaefolia)、混2-2(无芒雀麦Bromus inermis+红豆草)的1∶1行处理具有较高的牧草产量与粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维产量,且均高于同行混播;同行混播牧草产量均低于异行混播。各混播处理RYT值均高于1,且混2-1、混2-2的1∶1行处理RYT值高于同行混播。2∶2行、3∶3行具有较高的相对密度和相对产量相异度,同行混播具有较低的相对密度和相对产量相异度。由此可见,从同行混播改为异行混播,可提高牧草产量、牧草品质和种间相容性,维持较高的群落稳定性,使豆禾混播草地的生产性能进一步增加。The seven indexes including herbage yield,dissimilarity of grass and legume relative density,relative yield total（ RYT）,dissimilarity of grass and legume relative yield,crude protein yield,ether extract yield and neutral detergent fiber yield were selected to study the changes of the comprehensive production performance under different legumegrass mixtures in 2012 ― 2013. The mixture patterns included two legume-grass combinations： 5,2 species mixture at three sowing ratios of legume ︰ grass（ 6 ︰ 4,5 ︰ 5,4 ︰ 6）,mixed cropping and intercropping respectively. The species for mixture include Onobrychis viciaefolia,Trifolium pratense,Dactylis glomerata,Bromus inermis and Phleum pratense. The results showed that the forage yield,CP yield,EE yield,NDF yield and RYT values of legume-grass mixture（ 1 ∶ 1） were higher than mixed cropping in mixed 2 species-1 and mixed 2 species-1. The forage yield of mixed cropping were lower than intercropping in all species mixtures. The RYT values of all mixtures were higher than 1. The dissimilarity of grass and legume relative density,grass and legume relative yield for 2 rows legume ︰ 2 rows grass and3 rows legume ︰ 3 rows grass were higher than 1 legume ︰ 1 grass and mixed cropping. Therefore,from mixed cropping to intercropping like 1 legume ︰ 1 grass,2 rows legume ︰ 2 rows grass and 3 rows legume ︰ 3 rows grass,the forage yield and quality,the interspecific compatibility and the mixed community stability could improve. The comprehensive production performance of intercropping could further increase.

关 键 词：豆禾混播草地 同行混播 异行混播 生产性能 模糊综合评价 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]