低丘红壤区旱田水热通量特征及其气象影响因素  

The Characteristics of the Farmland Energy Balance and the Influence of Factors in Hilly Red Soil Areas

作　　者：景梽淏 景元书[1,2] 贾秋洪 

机构地区：[1]气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第1期44-50,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41175098);第九批"六大人才高峰"高层次人才项目(NY-038)资助

摘　　要：为研究低丘红壤区近地层农田水热通量特征,更好地利用农业气候资源、理解农业水文生态系统过程,利用2013年和2014年田间波文比系统数据和气象资料,分析了红壤区近地层的水热通量分配特征及相关气象因素的影响。结果表明:1能量平衡各个分量的日变化呈单峰趋势且受到天气条件影响很大,其中潜热通量所占份额最大,感热和土壤热通量均较小。2能量平衡各分量的分配具有季节性变化,7月份净辐射和潜热通量较大,土壤热通量在5月、7月为正值,10月、12月为负,表明研究区土壤在秋冬季节向外输出热量;在花生的生长季,花生地的波文比小于橘园,表明花生地的潜热交换多于橘园。3对旱地潜热和感热影响较大的气象因素有净辐射、相对湿度,其次有气温,而风速和水汽压对潜热、感热交换的影响并不显著。雨季降水量与农田潜热、感热总体呈负相关,旱季降水量影响相对较小。To study the water and heat flux characteristics of red soil areas ,use regional climate resources better ,and understand the process of agricultural ecological system ,the observations of this paper were conducted in Yingtan experimental area in 2013 and 2014 .And the main data included 2013-2014 field Bowen ratio system data and local meteorological observational data .Then they are used to analyze the near surface energy balance characteristics and influence of meteorological factors on farmland water and heat fluxes of red soil regions .The main results show ：①The diurnal variation of individual components of the energy balance presented a single peak trend ,and it was greatly influenced by weather .The largest share was the latent heat flux ,sensible heat and soil heat flux was lower .②The distribution of energy balance components had seasonal variation .The net radiation and latent heat flux were large in July .Soil heat flux was positive in May and July ,and it was negative in October and December ,indicating that the soil re-leased heat out in the experimental area during autumn and winter ;in peanut growing season ,Bowen ratio of is lower than the or-angery ,which means peanut latent heat exchange was more than orangery .③The main factors that influence dry farmland latent and sensible heat fluxes are net radiation and relative humidity ,followed by air temperature .Wind speed and vapor pressure do not have a significant influence on latent heat ,sensible heat exchange .In the rainy season ,precipitation ,agricultural latent and sensible heat fluxes are overall negative correlation .After entering the dry season ,the influence of precipitation on agricultural water and heat flu-xes are relatively small .

关 键 词：低丘红壤区 农田 感热 潜热 气象因子 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S15[农业科学—土壤学]