栖龙湾径流场土壤侵蚀分析  

An Analysis of Soil Erosion at Runoff Plot in Xilongwan

作　　者：耿灵生[1] 夏军[2,3] 张平[2,3] 万蕙 陈凤琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250013 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第1期84-88,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：山东省水利科研与技术推广课题项目(SDSLKY201201);国家自然科学基金(51279140);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2042014kf1012;2042014kf0033);国家"十二五"水专项淮河课题(2014ZX07204-006)

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀直接导致土层变薄,养分流失,土地资源遭到破坏,加剧粮食问题危机。坡度作为一个重要的地貌因子影响着土壤侵蚀量,同时不同的土地开垦方式、植被类型等下垫面因素也对土地的保沙效益有一定影响。以山东省栖龙湾径流场25个径流小区为研究区域,分别研究坡度、降雨量、土壤开垦方式、植被类型对土壤侵蚀量的影响。结果表明:1侵蚀性降雨量和坡度确实对土壤侵蚀量有显著影响,坡度为10°和30°情况下侵蚀量最小。2梯田、坡耕地、裸地,三种不同土壤开垦方式对比,梯田具有最好的保沙效益,坡耕地最差。3刺槐、黄荆、狗牙根草三种植被水土保持能力没有明显差异,不同植被组合方式中,黄荆+狗牙根草这种灌木与草组合的方式具有更好的保沙效果。其中土壤开垦方式影响最大,所研究植被的影响最小。Soil erosion leads to soil layer thinning ,nutrient loss ,destruction of land resources and increasing food crisis .Slope as an important geomorphologic factors affects the amount of soil erosion and underlying factors such as land reclamation and types of veg-etation also have active effects on preserving land .The paper studies the effect of slope ,rainfall ,soil reclamation methods ,vegeta-tion type on soil erosion amount based on the runoff plot in Xilongwan in Shandong .Firstly ,rainfall which can lead to soil erosion and slope indeed has a significant impact on soil erosion and the soil erosion under 10°and 30° is the smallest .Secondly ,by contrast , the efficiency of three different ways of soil reclamation ,the result shows that terrace has the best efficiency of sediment retention and sloping farmland is the worst .Thirdly ,there is no significant difference between Ocust ,Vitex and Bermuda grass in terms of the capacity of soil and water conservation ,and in different combinations of vegetation ,the way that Vitex is combined with Bermuda grass has a better efficiency of sand preservation .Within the factors that have impacts on soil erosion ,the slope does the most and the vegetation does the least .

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 坡度 植被 

分 类 号：TV121.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S157[农业科学—土壤学]