无刷直流电机基于线间反电动势的转子位置估计  

Rotor position estimation based on line-to-line back-EMF for brushless DC motors

作　　者：张新荣[1] 张理伟 刘红平 曾春艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [2]重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司,重庆402263 [3]中船重工海声科技有限公司,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期105-111,共7页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51105043);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CHD2011TD016);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(20101174)

摘　　要：为了准确、高效地估计无位置传感器无刷直流电机的转子位置,在分析无刷直流电机线间反电动势过零检测原理和PWM_ON_PWM调制方式的基础上,提出了一种利用简化的线间反电动势的倒数来构造F函数的无刷直流电机转子位置检测新方法。通过理论分析和对无刷直流电机线间反电动势与转子位置对应关系的分析,得出了线间反电动势过零点对应于电机实际换相时刻的结论;根据PWM_ON_PWM调制方式的不导通相不产生续流的特点,采用PWM_ON_PWM调制方式对F函数进行实时简化计算,利用简化的F函数对无刷直流电机的转子位置进行估计;最后利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对采用该方法的无刷直流电机的控制系统进行了仿真。研究结果表明:提出的改进型线间反电动势过零检测方法计算简单,能有效地对转子位置及换相时刻进行估计;与其他线间反电动势法相比,无需相位延迟的补偿,无需测量定子绕组电感和定子绕组间互感,只需检测两路电流信号和电压信号就可实现对电机转子位置的实时估计,具有一定的应用价值。In order to determine the rotor position of brushless DC Motors accurately and effectively, a novel method using reciprocal of simplified line-to-line back-EMF to constructing F functions was proposed for detecting the rotor position of brushless DC motors based on characteristics of the principle of line-to-line back-EMF zero crossing detection method and PWM _ON_PWM modulation method. Through theoretical analysis of relationship between line-to-line back EMF and rotor position of brushless DC motor, it was proved that the zero-crossing point of line-to-line back-EMF was corresponding to the instant of actual commutation. According to the fact that there is no diode freewheeling of the inactive phase under PWM_ON_PWM modulation, the F function was simplified and real-time calculated by use of PWM-ON-PMN modulation, and the rotor positions of brushless DC motor were estimated by use of simplified F function. Finally the control system of brushless DC motor by use of the rotor position estimation method was simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show that the rotor position commutation signal can be detected effectively and simply using the proposed methods. This method does not need to measure the stator inductance or mutual inductance between the stators, only needs to measure the currents and voltages of two phases. In addition, the phase delay compensation is unnecessary. The method has practical engineering value. 1 tab, 6 figs, 18 refs.

关 键 词：机械工程 无刷直流电机 转子位置 估计 线间反电动势 PWM_ON_PWM调制 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]