长江口降海洄游日本鳗鲡的生长特性  

The growth characteristics of catadromous Japanese eels( Anguilla japonica)from the Yangtze River Estuary,China

作　　者：汪德海[1] 龚小玲[1] 鲍宝龙[1] 刘利平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2016年第1期25-33,共9页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201995);上海市农委专项(2013 2-2);上海市科委崇明科技专项(13231203504);鳗鲡现代产业技术教育部工程研究中心开放基金(RE201501)

摘　　要：日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)广泛分布于亚洲东部,具有重要的经济价值。但是对于降海洄游的日本鳗鲡年龄、生长特性等的研究有限,以至于不能有效管护。本研究于2012年10月在长江靖江段捕得121尾降海洄游日本鳗鲡,并对其年龄和生长特性进行了分析,结果显示:(1)雌性个体要明显多于雄性,雌雄比例为78∶43;(2)雌雄鳗鲡年龄、生长等存在着显著的差异,雌鳗的平均年龄、体长、体质量以及平均生长速度[(5.50±1.18)龄、(654.9±67.6)mm、(522.1±176.2)g、(110.48±12.76)mm/a)]均显著大于雄鳗[(5.00±1.23)龄、(527.8±40.1)mm、(249.8±63.7)g、(96.46±16.75)mm/a)];(3)整个生活史中生长速度存在很大变化,随着年龄的增加,体长生长速度逐渐趋于0,而体质量生长速度存在拐点,雌鳗出现在4.80龄,雄鳗出现在2.63龄;(4)与其他水域相比,长江口降海洄游日本鳗鲡的年龄结构较小,而体长、体质量、渐进体长和渐进体质量则较大,这表明长江水域可能更适合日本鳗鲡的生长;(5)雌、雄个体生长的差异可能源于生长策略的差异。Japanese eel（ Anguilla japonica） is a commercially important fishery species throughout eastern Asia. The effective management of this resource necessitates accurate information on the ecology of this migratory species,much of which is currently lacking. In this study,we investigated the demographic structure and growth of catadromous Anguilla japonica from the Yangtze River Estuary,China. We captured121 individuals from the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River throughout October 2012. We found that males and females differed significantly in several key characteristics. Females,which were more numerous than males with an overall sex ratio of 78： 43,were significantly older（ 5. 5 ± 1. 18 years） and larger（ 654. 9 ±67. 6 mm,522. 1 ± 176. 2 g） than males（ 5. 0 ± 1. 23 years,527. 8 ± 40. 1 mm、249. 8 ± 63. 7 g） and had on average faster growth rate（ 110. 48 ± 12. 76 mm year- 1） than males（ 96. 46 ± 16. 75 mm year- 1）. Although males reached a smaller theoretical asymptotic length（ 918. 88 mm） and mass（ 1432. 89 g） than females（ 610. 04 mm,385. 87 g）. The sampled eels at our study site were on average younger and larger than those of other populations at other sites,suggesting that maybe this region is more suitable for the growth of A.japonica;（ 5） The growth difference between female and male may come from their different growth strategies.

关 键 词：日本鳗鲡 长江口 年龄 von Bertalanffy生长方程 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]