长蛸平衡囊的形态结构和神经支配模式  

Morphology,structure and innervation of the statocyst in Octopus variabilis

作　　者：于世亮[1,2,3,4] 张旭光[1,2,3,4] 张云峰[5] 和友[6] 郭弘艺[1,2,3,4] 宋佳坤[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学国际海洋研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学海洋生物系统与神经科学研究所,上海201306 [5]美国马里兰大学工程学院土木和环境工程系,美国马里兰20740 [6]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201204

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2016年第1期34-43,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41406150);上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目(B-5005-12-0001-204);海洋研究中心海洋生物系统和神经科学研究方向(A-0209-13-0802)

摘　　要：采用光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和同步辐射等方法对长蛸平衡囊的形态和神经支配进行了研究。平衡囊位于长蛸头后部两侧的软骨腔中,表面是近似椭圆形的膜质结构。平衡囊表面缠绕的大量纤维丝,与软骨壁粘联后使囊悬浮于腔内的淋巴液中。平衡囊中的感觉毛细胞分为感觉斑(macula)和感觉脊(crista)两个区域,其中感觉斑毛细胞区被包裹着胶质粘液层的耳石覆盖,毛细胞动纤毛顶端嵌入耳石底层钙质微晶体间隙中;感觉脊区毛细胞呈带状螺旋型排列,共分九节,其毛细胞均由胶质顶(cupula)覆盖。毛细胞仅含等长、9+2微管型动纤毛,无静纤毛,其周围细胞含微绒毛。平衡囊内的一软骨凸起结构,相对感觉脊(anticrista),其表面无感觉毛细胞。同步辐射结果表明:支配感觉斑区的神经仅一条,而感觉脊区却由两条神经束从脑部经囊表后分支进入各自支配的毛细胞节区。The morphology and innervation of the statocyst in Octopus variabilis are examined by using light microscope,scanning electron microscope（ SEM）,transmission electron microscope（ TEM） and Synchrotron radiation. The result reveals that the statocyst tissues are paired membrane sacs suspended in cartilage cavities by surface fibers,and located respectively beneath the eyes in back of head. There are two sensory epithelia in each statocyst： the macula and the crista. A single calcium statolith is covered by a mucus layer and is only lying over the top of macula hair cells. The tips of kinocilia of the macula hair cells that protrude into the crevices among loosely arranged crystal units of the ventral bottom layer of the statolith mass. Hair cells in crista are arranged in a spiral shaped strip. It consists of nine sections and all are covered by copular.Scanning electron microscope（ SEM） examinations indicate that there are only equal lengths long kinocilia in hair cells surrounded by short length of microvillia,but no stereocilia are found in statocyst. The transmission electron micrographs（ TEM） confirm that the kinocilia are in 9 ＋ 2 tubular structure. Our Synchrotron radiation examination results reveal that there is only one ramus of nerve from brain to innervate the macula system while there are two separated nerve rami to the crista that are branched again to innervate different target sections of the hair cell strip respectively.

关 键 词：长蛸 平衡囊 感觉斑 感觉脊 感觉毛细胞 

分 类 号：Q954.1[生物学—动物学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]