珠江口水域秋季刺网的渔获组成及多样性分析  

Catch composition and diversity of gillnet fishery in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters of the South China Sea in autumn

作　　者：晏磊[1] 谭永光[1] 杨吝[1] 杨炳忠[1] 张鹏[1] 陈森[1] 李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2016年第1期111-119,共9页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203018);中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室开放基金(LMB141004)

摘　　要：2014年9月使用3种不同结构(单片、双重、三重)和不同网目尺寸(40 mm、50 mm、60 mm)的刺网在珠江口水域进行了海上捕鱼试验,并从多样性和相异性两方面探讨了珠江口水域刺网渔业资源群落结构的差异。试验结果显示,3种刺网的渔获种类数、尾数和质量都随着网目尺寸的增大而减少;相对重要性指数(IRI)大于1 000的优势种有所差异,但深水金线鱼(Nemipterus bathybius)是共同优势种。针对珠江口渔获个体大小悬殊的特点,分别以个体数和生物量为基础计算了该水域的多样性指数,t检验结果显示这两者之间存在显著差异。采用欧氏距离法(Euclidian distance)计算,结果显示不同网目刺网渔业资源群落结构的差异性较高,而同一网目刺网差异性较低。从提高渔业资源群落结构的多样性和恢复其生态稳定性来看,控制网目尺寸是当前最主要和最有效的措施。Based on the investigation data of gillnets of three different structrues（ single wall,double wall,trammel gillnet） of different mesh sizes（ 40 mm,50mm,60mm） in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters in September of 2014,we analyzed the resources community structure of gillnet fishery. The results indicate that the species number,total number and weight of the three kinds of gillnets decreased with increasing mesh size. The species with index of relative importance（ IRI） above 1 000 were defined as dominant species,but Nemipterus bathybius was the same dominant species. Since the fish body size varied remarkably,we calculated Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index based on individual number and biomass. T test shows significant difference among diversity indices. The Euclidian distance shows significant difference in community structure of gillnet fishery of different mesh sizes,but no significant difference was found in the same mesh size. Thus,controlling appropriate mesh size is currently the most effective measure to increase fish diversity and resume the stabilization of ecosystem.

关 键 词：珠江口 刺网 渔获组成 多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] S973.21[农业科学—水产科学]