西藏贡嘎县吉纳村农牧复合生态系统的能值分析  

Emergy Analysis on Coupling Ecosystem of Farming and Stock Breeding in Jina Village of Gongga County, Tibet

作　　者：赵贯锋 余成群[2,3] 孙维[2,3] 苗彦军[2,4] 沈振西[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农业技术推广中心,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏高原草业工程技术研究中心,西藏拉萨850000 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]西藏大学农牧学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《草业与畜牧》2016年第1期34-40,共7页Pruataculture & Animal Husbandry

基　　金：西藏自治区自然基金"吉纳村农牧复合生态系统的能值分析"(2013ZR13-68);国家科技支撑计划项目"草业与草原可持续发展关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD17B00);国家科技支撑计划项目"西部城郊生态涵养高效农业模式研究与示范"(2014BAD14B006);中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目"西藏农牧结合技术体系和农牧民增收模式构建"(KFJ-EW-STS-070)资助

摘　　要：以西藏"一江两河"地区典型农业村-吉纳村为代表,以该村农户以及村民入股的种养殖专业合作社为样本,采用能值理论及其分析方法,对农户分散种养和合作社集中管理两种模式下的能值投入及产出进行了分析。研究表明,农户分散种养模式下生产方式落后,效率低下,总能值投入中辅助能值投入较多,但并没有带来高的能值产出。由于种植结构不合理,一方面粮食大量过剩,另一方面畜牧业发展面临严重饲草短缺,农牧业生产结构亟需调整。而合作社模式下,生产方式较为集约,辅助能值投入少,充分利用了可更新的环境资源,能值投入少而产出多,农牧业结构较为合理。本文对以吉纳村为代表的"一江两河"地区提出如下建议:草地农业应得到大力发展;发展时空拓展技术,充分利用余热和宜草荒地;农牧业应走合作化发展之路,进行适度规模化经营。This study compared two production models （i.e., scattered farmers and unified cooperative management） using the research method of emergy theory in the Jina village, which is one typical agricultural village in the Three-Rivers area of Tibet. The results showed that the production mode was backward and the efficiency was low in the model of scattered farmers. More input of auxiliary emergy by no means brought more emergy output. In addition, because of the unreasonable planting structure, the development of animal husbandry has been facing a severe shortage of forage grass, with a large amount of surplus grain. Therefore, the production structure of agriculture and animal husbandry needs to be adjusted. In contrast, in the model of unified cooperative management, the mode of production was more intensive. It made full use of renewable environmental resources, with less input of auxiliary emergy. Moreover, the less input of emergy yet brought more output. Therefore, its production structure is more reasonable. This study suggested for the Three-Rivers area of Tibet as follows： （1） the grassland agriculture should be greatly developed; （2） developing expansion technologies of time and space, and making full use of waste heat and wastelands which are appropriate for grass growth; and （3） agriculture and animal husbandry should take the road of cooperative development and moderate scale..

关 键 词：一江两河地区 农牧复合生态系统 能值 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]