中古晚期英格兰郡共同体探析  

The County Society in Late Medieval England

作　　者：陈日华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2016年第1期58-65,158,共8页World History

基　　金：国家留学基金委公派访问学者项目资助;南京大学人文基金资助

摘　　要：英格兰向近代过渡的过程中,当村庄等被封建化的时候,郡却没有被封建化。这是因为从12世纪开始,英格兰骑士的军事色彩逐渐淡化,他们参与到地方政府特别是郡公共政治之中,使得由骑士转变而来的乡绅逐渐成为郡内事务的主导者。随着地方认同和凝聚力的增强,以乡绅为核心,地方社会形成了郡共同体。传统的认识存在着一个误区:即认为在民族国家形成的过程中,中央集权必然与地方自治发生冲突与矛盾。这其实是一种典型的"非此即彼"的认识。民族国家的建构与地方自治的延续是一个既冲突又依赖的过程,可以说两者是有机的结合体。When villages in England started their feudalization,counties did not. It resulted from the fact that,from the 12^(th) century,the military duty of English cavalrymen diminished and they participated in the public administration of local,especially county governments. Transformed from former cavalrymen,'knights'gradually dominated the management of counties. With the development of local identity and coherence, county communities were formed around gentlemen. However, there is a fallacious assumption in the traditional view: in the formation of nation-states,there must have been conflicts between centralized authority and local autonomy. In fact,it typifies a mistaken application of tertium non datur. The construction of nation-states and the continuation of local autonomy was a dialectical process,which involved the synergy between both sides.

关 键 词：英格兰 郡共同体 乡绅 治安法官 地方自治 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学]