温度和光周期对两种瓢虫捕食习性和发育的影响（英文）  

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on predation attributes and development of two Coccinella species(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

作　　者：OMKAR Bhupendra KUMAR 

机构地区：[1]Centre of Excellence in Biocontrol of Insect Pests,Department of Zoology,University of Lucknow

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2016年第1期64-76,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：the Department of Higher Education,Government of Uttar Pradesh, India for providing financial assistance in the form of Centre of Excellence in Biocontrol of Insect Pests

摘　　要：【目的】在农业上,气候变化影响作物产量、蚜虫动态以及捕食性瓢虫对蚜虫的调节作用。一些瓢虫为广布种,而另一些瓢虫种类却只在特定地理范围内分布,而有关气候因子如何影响瓢虫分布了解甚少。【方法】评价不同温度(15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃和35℃)和光周期(8L∶16D,12L∶12D和16L∶8D)对两种瓢虫[七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata(Linnaeus)(一种广布种)和狭臀瓢虫Coccinella transversalis Fabricius(一种东方/南亚瓢虫)]幼虫取食和利用豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)的影响。【结果】尽管两种瓢虫的捕食作用和发育速率均在25℃时最高,但是随着日长的增加(即光周期从8L∶16D增加到16L∶8D)捕食作用进一步增强。与狭臀瓢虫相比,在所有温度和光周期下,七星瓢虫幼虫的取食量更高,生长和发育速率更快,其新羽化的成虫体重更重。非线性回归模型显示,七星瓢虫和狭臀瓢虫的最低发育温度分别为11℃和10.5℃左右,最高发育温度分别为41℃和43℃左右。狭臀瓢虫的幼虫捕食和发育速率对气候因子的依赖性强于七星瓢虫。【结论】本研究表明,广布种瓢虫对气候因子的敏感性比土著种瓢虫弱,因而可以广泛分布于不同的地理区域。因此,与土著种瓢虫相比,广布种瓢虫更适于作为生防因子。[ Aim ] In agriculture, climatic changes affect crop yield, dynamics of aphid pests and their regulation by ladybird predators. While some ladybirds are ubiquitous and others have limited geographical ranges ; but how climatic cues influence distribution of ladybirds is poorly explored. [ Methods ] Present study, therefore, assesses the effects of different temperatures （15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃ ）, and photoperiods （8L： 16D, 12L： 12D and 16L： 8D） on consumption and utilization of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum （Harris） by larvae of a ubiquitous ladybird [ Coccinella septempunctata （Linnaeus） ~ and an Oriental/ south-Asian ladybird （Coccinella transversalis Fabrieius ）. [ Results ] Although predation attributes and developmental rates of both ladybirds were the highest at 25℃and attributes further increased with increase in day length （from 8L： 16D to 16L： 8D photoperiod） , larvae of C. septempunctata had higher consumption, growth and developmental rates, and their newly emerged adults were heavier than those of C. transversalis at all temperatures and photoperiods. Non-linear regression model extrapolated 11℃ and - 10.5℃ as lower development thresholds and -41℃ and -43℃ as upper development thresholds for C. transversalis and C. septemptmctata, respectively. Dependency of larval predation and developmental rates to climatic cues were higher in C. transversalis than C. septempunctata. [ Conclusion ] Present study, therefore, reveals that a ubiquitous ladybird is less susceptible to climatic cues than an indigenous ladybird and hence is widely distributed to different geographical regions. Thus, the former may behave as a better biocontrol agent than the latter.

关 键 词：七星瓢虫 狭臂瓢虫 瓢虫 温度 光周期 蚜虫 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]