果蝇衰老的调控机制  

Mechanisms of aging in Drosophila melanogaster

作　　者：张春红[1] 张敏菁 焦文娟[1] 朱晴子[1] 祝增荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学昆虫科学研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2016年第1期102-110,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371935)

摘　　要：衰老是一个复杂的生物学过程,涉及到有害物质的积累导致整体生命功能的下降,生物的生理状况逐渐恶化,最终导致疾病和死亡。黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster作为最重要的遗传学工具之一,近年来常被用于衰老的研究,以阐明衰老的发生与发展机制。本文结合本实验室的研究进展,综述了果蝇寿命调控的生理生化机制,如保幼激素、胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子、TOR信号网络、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号通路、热量限制和饮食限制、氧化应激、小分子RNA以及鞘脂类代谢都会对果蝇的寿命产生影响。除此之外,基因调控网络研究还能够发现潜在的与长寿相关的基因组区域,将有可能发现更多寿命相关基因。以果蝇为模式生物的研究,对于其他昆虫衰老、存活等种群生物学问题的研究以及天敌、益虫保育和害虫控制,具有十分重要的指导意义。Aging is a complex process that involves the accumulation of poisonous materials inducing the decline of life function, leading to the decrease in physiological functions and ultimately leading to disease and death. Drosophila melaaogaster represents one of the most important genetical tools and is widely used in the study of aging. In this article, we summarized the relationship of aging with juvenile hormone, insulin/IGF signaling pathways, target of rapamycin pathway, AMPK pathway, caloric restriction, oxidative stress, microRNA and sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, genome wide association studies may be able to find genomic region, which has potential relationship with aging. The studies based on the model organism D. melanogaster are very useful for studies in aging process of other insects. These will result in further understanding the similar mechanisms in Insecta, the most diverse animal class, so as to develop manipulation techniques for extending longevity of natural enemies and other beneficial insects and reducing fecundity and lifespan of harmful insects in agricultural and urban ecosystems.

关 键 词：黑腹果蝇 衰老 鞘脂类代谢 应激 热量限制 基因调控 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]