叶面喷施钾、钙和镁肥调节三月红荔枝果皮着色和果肉风味变化同步的效果  

Effects of K and Ca and Mg applied in foliar nutrients on the synchronism of pericarp's coloring and flesh flavour's changing of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv Sanyuehong

作　　者：高丹[1] 周晓超[1] 苏阳[1] 周开兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第1期112-118,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160383)

摘　　要：以三月红荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv Sanyuehong)成年树为试材,以叶面喷施0.5%KCl(K)、0.3%Ca Cl2(Ca)和1.5%Mg Cl2(Mg)以及它们的混合液为处理,以清水为对照(CK),探讨叶面喷施K、Ca和Mg肥对三月红荔枝果皮着色和果肉风味变化同步的调节效果。结果表明,果实在生长发育过程中,各处理和CK的果皮色角度(h)值和果肉总酸含量在总体上呈下降趋势,果肉可溶性糖含量和果肉糖酸比在总体上呈上升趋势。不同处理的果肉糖酸比动态变化趋势在后期存在差异,即从4月27日到30日,Ca和Mg处理无显著变化,其余处理和CK均显著下降,且Ca处理显著高于CK;不同处理的果皮h值动态变化趋势也在后期存在差异,即Ca+Mg处理在4月27日降至最低并显著低于CK,至4月30日,其一直无显著变化,但其余处理在此期间则均显著下降,且Ca处理在4月30日显著低于其它处理和CK。可见,Ca+Mg、Ca和Mg处理的果皮h值与果肉糖酸比均同步达到最佳,其中Ca+Mg和Ca处理同时改善了果皮着色和果肉风味品质。It was conducted with Sanyuehong litchi fruits to study the effects of K and Ca and Mg applied in foliar nutrients on the synchronism of pericarp＇s coloring and flesh flavour＇s changing. The treatments included spraying the concentrations 0. 5% of KC1 （K）, 0. 3% of CaC12 （Ca） and 1.5% of MgC12 （rag） solutions and their mixtures, and the check （CK） was sprayed with clean water. The results showed that generally, with the growth and development of fruits, the values of h and the total acid in flesh decreased, the contents of sugar and the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh increased. The dynamic changes of the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh showed significant difference at the later stage among different treatments. From April 27th to April 30th, the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh of the treatments Ca and Mg showed no significant difference, while those of the other treatments and CK were significantly decreased, and the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh of the treatment Ca was significantly higher than that of CK. The dynamic changes of the different treatments on the values of h in pericarp also showed significant difference at the later stage. The value of h in pericarp of the treatment Ca ＋ Mg dropped to the bottom and was significantly lower than those of CK and the other treatments on April 27th, and then showed no significant difference till April 30th, while those of the other treatments and CK were significantly decreased. And the value of h in pericarp of the treatment Ca was significantly higher than those of the other treatments and CK on April 27th. So the synchronization of the values of h in pericarp and the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh of the treatments Ca ＋ Mg and Ca achieved the best on April 27th and 30th respectively. The treatment Ca ＋ Mg solved the problem that the peel kept green when the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh rising to the top, and the treatments Ca and Mg solved the problem that the ratio of sugar/acid in flesh dropped when the pericarp coloring full, and the treatments Ca

关 键 词：三月红荔枝 钾 钙 镁 着色 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学] S147.2[农业科学—园艺学]