生物有机肥控制小麦全蚀病及作用机理初探  

Efficiency and Mechanism of Bio-organic Fertilizer in Suppressing Wheat Take-all Pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici

作　　者：崔仕春 杨秀芬[1] 郑兴耘[2] 杨怀文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2016年第1期112-118,共7页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国际合作项目(2014DFG32270)

摘　　要：以和阳生物肥为试验材料,采用室内盆栽、平板对峙培养和生理生化分析等方法研究了生物有机肥对小麦全蚀病的控制效果及作用机制。结果表明,生物有机肥对小麦全蚀病的控制效果可达53.44%,叶面喷雾和浸根后7 d,小麦叶片叶绿素含量分别是对照的1.08和1.15倍;须根数分别是对照的1.25和1.22倍,根系活力分别是对照的1.2和1.4倍。此外,生物有机肥能提高小麦叶片PAL、POD和PPO防御酶的活性;研究还发现,生物有机肥浸出液对小麦全蚀病菌具有拮抗作用且具有耐高温性;从生物有机肥中分离出的一株芽孢杆菌及代谢物能强烈抑制小麦全蚀病菌菌丝生长。使用生物有机肥后小麦根际微生物数量明显增加,土壤中有机质、速效钾、有效磷和水解氮含量比对照土壤分别提高了12.6%、16.3%、52.1%和6.9%。本研究结果表明,该生物有机肥能有效控制小麦全蚀病并通过多种机制调控小麦生长和防御系统。The pot trials, dual culture in Petri dish, physiological and biochemical analysis were used to investigate the efficiency and mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer against take-all disease of wheat. The incidence of the disease was significantly decreased by 53.44% in pots amended with the bio-organic fertilizer. Furthermore, application of the fertilizer significantly increased root number and tiller number of wheat. Chlorophyll content increased by 1.08 times and 1.15 times, root number increased by 1.25 and 1.22 times, root activity increased by 1.2 and 1.4 times compared to control after leaf spraying and root soaking with the fertilizer, respectively. Crude extracts of the bioorganic fertilizer inhibited mycelium growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in Petri dish and its active substance showed heat stable. A Bacillus strain was isolated from the bio-organic fertilizer. This strain effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Soil analysis indicated that the content of organic matter, available potassium, organic phosphorus and hydrolysable nitrogen in soil were increased by 12.6%, 16.3%, 52.1% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Defense-related enzymes of PAL, POD and PPO also increased compared to control plants. These results demonstrate that the bio-organic fertilizer is capable of protecting wheat from Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici through a variety of mechanisms.

关 键 词：小麦全蚀病菌 和阳复合生物肥 防治效果 作用机理 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]