结构需求:概念、测量及与相关变量的关系  

Personal need for structure:Concept,measurements and relationships to related variables

作　　者：刘艳丽[1] 陆桂芝[1] 刘勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学教育科学学院心理学系,哈尔滨150025 [2]佳木斯大学心理健康教育与咨询中心,佳木斯150047

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2016年第2期228-241,共14页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：哈尔滨师范大学硕士研究生科研创新项目(HSDSSC X2015-41)

摘　　要：结构需求是个体对简单结构、清晰有条理的事物与环境的偏爱和需要,其本质是一种动机,个体通常会以结构严密、有条理或简化复杂信息的认知加工方式将其表现出来。结构需求存在着个体差异性。高结构需求水平的个体能够简化复杂的信息和环境,以清晰和简单的表征与描述去理解、建构他们的世界,从而减少认知资源的支出和消耗,提高认知操作的效率,维持认知与行为倾向的内在稳定。研究者梳理了结构需求的概念内涵、理论基础,介绍了两种主要的结构需求测量工具(PNS-12量表,PNS-11量表),以及结构需求的相关研究,分别从结构需求的前因变量、结果变量的角度对其相关研究进行了阐述。未来研究应深入探究结构需求的概念与结构,拓展其研究方法,研发更加有效的测评工具,深入探讨其影响机制,开展结构需求的中国化研究。Personal need for structure is referred to be an individual＇ s prefer or need to the simple structure, clarity things and environments, which naturally is a kind of motive and desire, and could be manifested by simplifying complex information or in an order and well-structured cognitive processing way. There are individual differences in the personal need for structure. Individuals with higher personal need for structure scores are especially likely to simplify complex information and environments, understand and structure their worlds in unambiguous, simple representations or descriptions, thus to reduce cognitive resources＇ expenditure and consumption, improve the efficiency of cognitive manipulation and maintain internal stability of cognitive and behavioral tendency. This article is to synthesize the current theoretical foundation and conceptual development on the personal need for structure, and introduce two main measurements （PNS-12 scale, PNS-11 scale） and related researches, which are presented according to antecedent variables, consequent variables of the personal need for structure. The future research is proposed to make a thorough inquiry on the concept and structure, improve the research methods, develop more effective measuring tools, explore the mechanisms and conduct the indigenization researches of the personal need for structure.

关 键 词：结构需求 因素结构 朴素认识理论 前因变量 结果变量 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]