医疗服务是奢侈品吗?——基于政府和居民医疗卫生支出弹性的实证研究  

Is Health Care A Luxury? An Empirical Study on the Income Elasticity of China's Government and Resident's Health Care Expenditure

作　　者：张颖熙[1] 夏杰长[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2015年第3期32-51,共20页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目<新型城镇化背景下扩大服务消费制度联动研究>(项目号:13CJL046);国家社会科学基金重大项目<扩大我国服务业对外开放的路径和战略研究>(项目号:14AZD084);中国社会科学院创新工程项目<中国服务业发展趋势与战略思路研究--迈向"十三五"的中国服务业>(项目号:2015CJY003)的资助

摘　　要：近40年来,国内外学者在探讨医疗支出与经济增长(收入)的长期关系时,产生了一个重要的争论,即医疗服务到底是必需品还是奢侈品?本文在梳理以往研究文献的基础上,利用中国省级面板数据,基于政府医疗卫生支出和城镇居民医疗保健支出两个层面,采用面板单位根和面板协整检验,证明了医疗支出与经济增长(收入)之间存在长期均衡关系。在此基础上,利用最小二乘法(OLS)、双向固定效应模型(FE)和两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)三种估计策略,分别估计政府和城镇居民医疗支出的收入弹性。研究发现,政府医疗支出弹性大于1,而城镇居民医疗支出弹性小于1。也就是说,医疗服务对政府来说是奢侈品,对居民则是必需品。In recent 40 years,there has been an important argument about the question that health care is a luxury or necessity when the researchers are studying the relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth(income).This paper uses the panel unit tests and panel integration tests to examine the long equilibrium relationship of both in China based on the government's and city resident's health care expenditure.Then it applies the OLS,FE and 2SLS to estimate the income elasticity of government and city resident's health care expenditure.The results show that the income elasticity for government is larger than 1,while it is less than 1 for the residents.That is to say,health care is a luxury for government,but for city residents,it is a necessity.

关 键 词：医疗服务 奢侈品 必需品 收入弹性 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]