吐鲁番气象站迁移前后资料的差异分析  

Discrepancy analysis of meteorological data before and after station migration in extreme drought region:a case of Turpan Station in eastern Xinjiang

作　　者：王秋香[1] 刘卫平[1] 刘叶[1] 秦榕[1] 古丽格娜[1] 胡义成[1] 杨华[1] 周昊楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2016年第1期22-32,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：2012年度公益性行业(气象)科研专项"中国近60年地面关键气候要素均一性检验与订正技术及站址变动影响研究"(GYHY201206013)资助

摘　　要：用吐鲁番站和参考站(托克逊、东坎两站)1974-2014年观测资料,分析城市化对吐鲁番站气候资料的影响发现,地处极干旱区域的吐鲁番站气温、降水量、相对湿度和平均风速与参考站一致性较差,其中,吐鲁番站年平均气温和降水量上升趋势比参考站要大;相对湿度和平均风速下降趋势吐鲁番站比参考站大;由于城市化发展造成吐鲁番市的升温率为0.24℃·(10 a)-1;均一性检测发现,由于城市化的影响,平均气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速分别在1982年和1998年产生了断点。新站与旧站观测资料对比分析发现,由于旧站环境较为湿润而新站环境极为干燥,使新旧站气候资料差异较大。其中,平均气温、最低气温新站比旧站分别高0.9℃和1.5℃;相对湿度新站比旧站低8.1%;年平均风速新站偏大1.4 m·s-1。与6个已经迁过站的平原站资料对比发现,干旱区的吐鲁番站年平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度,新旧站差值及差值标准差比多数站大一倍以上,而迁站前后新旧站年月风向相符率最小,仅为32.29%。Climate data is the basis for studying climate change. In addition to the regional climate change factors, single station climate data can also carry non-uniform information due to the human factors such as urbanization and land use, and other factors like station migration and the instrument change, resulting in conflicting results of climate change studies. By using the difference sequences, trend value, and t-test analysis, and based on the observational data of Turpan and reference stations （Toksun and Dongkan Station） from 1974 to 2014, this paper first analyzed the regional coherence and uniformity between the Turpan and reference stations. Then, the difference and continuity between new and old station data were analyzed based on the observation data from 2013 to 2014. Finally,by comparing the observation data from Turpan Station and other six moved plain stations which already had one-year comparative observations data, this paper analyzed the special difference of arid region station information before and after migration. Results showed that the air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed have poor consistency between Turpan Station and the reference stations, of which the annual average temperature and precipitation showed bigger rising trend in Turpan station than that in the reference stations, relative humidity and wind speed showed bigger decreasing trend in Turpan station than that in the reference stations. Because of urbanization, the temperature rising rate reached 0.24 ℃. （10 a）^-1, and breakpoints appeared in 1982 and 1998 for temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed according to the homogeneity test. Comparative analysis showed the observation data were quite different due to the station environment between the old and new station. Compared with the old station, the average temperature and the lowest temperature were 0.9 ℃ and 1.5 % higher,relative humidity was 8.1% lower,and the annual average wind speed was 1.4 m· s^-1 larger, comparis

关 键 词：台站迁徙 差值分析 对比站 趋势均一性检测 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]