汽车铸造及装配作业场所振动工具手传振动测量和分析  

Measurement and analysis of hand-transmitted vibration of vibration tools in workplace for automobile casting and assembly

作　　者：谢晓霜[1] 祁成 杜燮祎[1] 史伟伟 张敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]十堰市职业病防治院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2016年第2期107-110,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解汽车铸造及装配作业场所常用手持工具的手传振动特征。方法2014年9至10月，依据ISO5349—1．2001（手传机械振动的测量与评估第1部分：一般要求》、ISO5349．2—2001（手传机械振动的测量与评估第2部分：作业场所实践指南》，对6家汽车铸造及装配作业场所16种典型手持作业工具（如冲击钻、气动扳手、砂轮机、内磨机、弧焊机等）进行了手传振动的测量和频谱分析。结果振动工具的手传振动特征：剪床、弧焊机、气动扳手振动加速度波形以冲击波形和随机波形为主，内磨机、角磨机、冲击钻、砂轮机以长、短周期波形为主；电动扳手、气动扳手、剪床、冲击钻、内磨机日接振时间约为150min；等离子切割机、角磨机、砂轮机、台式砂轮机、弧焊机日接振时间约为400min。振动总值（％）范围：气动扳手0．30～11．04m／s^2,砂轮1．61—8．97rn／s^2，内磨机1．46～8．70m／s^2，冲击钻11．10～14．50m／s^2，弧焊机0．21—2．18m／s^2。日接振量以清砂岗为最高，清砂岗8h等能量频率计权加速度有效值阱胡为8．03m／s^2，装配岗为4．78m／s^2；1／3倍频程频谱图显示，砂轮机、角磨机、内磨机、冲击钻的振动加速度大，频率谱线位置超过400min／d的建议接振限值曲线。结论使用砂轮机、角磨机、内磨机、冲击钻作业的清砂工、打磨工及个别装配岗位接触振动的振动加速度大，频率谱线位置高；汽车铸造切割岗、抛光岗、清砂岗的手传振动危害较大，汽车装配作业气动扳手危害值得关注。Objective To investigate the features of hand-transmitted vibration of common vibration tools in the workplace for automobile casting and assembly. Methods From September to October, 2014, measurement and spectral analysis were performed for 16 typical hand tools （including percussion drill, pneumatic wrench, grinding machine, internal grinder, and arc welding machine） in 6 workplaces for automobile casting and assembly according to ISO 5349-1-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-part 1： General requirements and ISO 5349-2-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2： Practical guidance for measurement in the workplace. Results The vibration acceleration waveforms of shearing machine, arc welding machine, and pneumatic wrench were mainly impact wave and random wave, while those of internal grinder, angle grinder, percussion drill, and grinding machine were mainly long-and short-period waves. The daily exposure duration to vibration of electric wrench, pneumatic wrench, shearing machine, percussion drill, and internal grinder was about 150 minutes, while that of plasma cutting machine, angle grinder, grinding machine, bench grinder, and are welding machine was about 400 minutes. The range of vibration total value （ahv） was as follows： pneumatic wrench 0.30-11.04 m/s^2, grinding wheel 1.61-8.97 m/s^2, internal grinder 1.46-8.70 m/s^2, percussion drill 11.10-14.50 m/s^2, and are welding machine 0.21-2.18 m/s^2. The workers engaged in cleaning had the longest daily exposure duration to vibration, and the effective value of 8-hour energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration for them[A（8）] was 8.03 m/s^2, while this value for workers engaged in assembly was 4.78 m/s^2. The frequency spectrogram with an 1/3-time frequency interval showed that grinding machine, angle grinder, and percussion drill had a high vibration acceleration, and the vibration limit curve was recommen

关 键 词：振动 手传振动 汽车铸造及装配 手持工具 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]