深部高应力煤层卸压开采相似材料模拟试验  

Analogical experiment with the pressure-released exploitation approach to the highstress deep-level coal seam mining

作　　者：梁冰[1] 王庆龙[1] 陈宫[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]北京昊华能源股份有限公司大安山煤矿,北京102419

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第1期49-53,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51204086)

摘　　要：处于深部开采且煤层位于轴部构造的矿井,巷道变形量大、变形速度快且持续时间长,巷道维护十分困难。卸压开采技术是控制矿山压力的有效手段。以大安山煤矿为工程背景,采用相似材料模拟进行卸压开采及非卸压开采两组模型对比试验,研究下保护层轴9煤层开采对被保护层轴10煤层的卸压效果,通过监测保护层开采过程中及开采稳定后轴10煤层卸压系数变化特征、岩层裂隙发育程度及变形情况来检验卸压效果。结果表明:卸压开采条件下,轴10煤层顶板应力普遍降低,峰值应力降低9.4%;岩层裂隙发育密度及煤岩层变形量大,岩层最大裂隙密度为14条/cm,上升16.7%;岩层最大下沉量为54.6 mm,上升21.6%,表明岩层受卸压作用,应力明显减小,弹性能释放程度较好,有利于减弱强矿压现象。The paper is engaged in an analogical experiment study with the pressure-released coal-exploitation approae.h to the high-pres- sure deep coal seam mining. As is known, with the coal mining going on into the deep mining stage, the chief problem involves the roadway deformation, whose speed may go fast and its coal seam is located in an axial embodiment. As a result, the roadway deformation may last for quite a hmg time, and it would be difficult to keep its mainte- nance. In facing with the need of maintenance, it is possible to apply the technology of Ihe pressure-relieved mining as an effective means to control the mine pressure in the coal mines. Thus, in order to study the effects of the said mining approach, we have applied the method to DaAnshan Coal Mine as a projecl imckground in the given paper. In conducting our similar material simulation for analyzing the pressure-relieved effect uf 9 coal seams on the 10-th coal seam, we have adopted two experimental models. At this step, we have com- pared the two models with each other, which let us find that one of them has been made to do pressure-relieved mining whereas the other is made to go on with the mining activity with no pressure-relief func- tion. To satisfy the actual mining need, we have installed the stress measuring points whereas the strain measuring points in the models are used to measure the changes of the stress and strain. Hence, in the process of the experiment, through monitoring the characteristics of pressure-relieved coefficient, the density of rock fracture and de- formation of the protected layer, we have studied the effect of pres- sure relief in the period of mining and stability. Thus, the study re- sults show that： under the condition of pressure-relieving mining, we have managed to reduce the stress of No. 10 coal seam roof by 9.4% in comparison with that of its former peak stress. However, the den- sity of the rock fracture and the deformation of the coal and rock re- main great. Whereas the maximum density of the rock fracture

关 键 词：安全工程 强矿压 卸压开采 被保护层 相似材料模拟 

分 类 号：TD823.97[矿业工程—煤矿开采]