城市公路隧道火灾分段烟控方案研究  

Innovated segmental smoke control scheme of the urban highway tunnel fire

作　　者：潘一平[1] 高君鹏[2] 徐志胜[3] 刘顶立[3] 曹欢欢[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省公安消防总队,长沙410205 [2]中铁上海设计院集团有限公司,上海200070 [3]中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,长沙410075

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第1期142-146,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为研究多排烟井隧道内火灾场景下的烟控关键技术参数,以长沙市某城市公路隧道为背景,首先通过对该隧道内的火灾致灾原因及灾害特点等因素进行分析,确定该隧道内的车辆事故下的火灾热释放速率;其次利用基于火灾动力学理论的计算模型分析该隧道内车辆火灾事故,研究火灾事故下隧道内的烟雾分布规律及特性;最终基于各类通风方案下烟雾控制情况制定合理的烟雾控制方案。结果表明,城市隧道内30 MW的火灾场景下仅利用1个排烟井无法将烟气完全抑制在火灾至火灾下游1个排烟井范围内;利用火灾下游两个排烟井排烟时,烟雾能够得到较好地控制,第二个排烟井下游不受烟气的影响。The paper is aimed at introducing a renovated segmental smoke control scheme of the urban highway tunnel fire with its focus on the study of the control scheme for long and large-sized urban highway tunnels. In the given paper, we have chosen a city highway tunnel in Changsha （Hunan） under construction as a sample of case study. In the paper, we have drawn the heat releasing rate of the fire according to the rules of PIARC, NFPA and the exploration of the relevant research achievements and provisions both at home and abroad in such highway tunnel construction, and eventually deter- mined it to be 30 MW. Secondly, we have examined various kinds of fire scenarios which are different in the location of fire, and, in turn, we have laid out the longitudinal velocities of 2.0 m/s, 2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s, with a number of shafts of 1 to 2 with the volume being 180 m3/s and 200 m3/s, respectively. And, thirdly, we have summed up the distribution characteristics and the smoke and temper- ature changing regularities of the urban highway tunnels based on the results of the simulation. And, finally, we have drawn a smoke con- trol scheme of the selected section of the said highway tunnel, which can be expected to provide a reasonable basis for formulating the e- vacuation and rescue plan of such urban highway tunnels. Thus, it can be concluded that, while using only one smoke shaft for the ex- haust emission, no matter what the smoke control scheme may be, it is not possible to make the smoke perfect. However, if two smoke shafts are to be used to control the volume of 200 m3/s for the ex- haust emission, it would be possible to control the smoke in the tun- nel between the location of fire and the second shaft with the longitu- dinal velocities being 2.5 m/s and 3.0 m/s. Thus, it tells us that by using an appropriate ventilation scheme, the second shaft in the downstream of the urban highway won＇ t be affected by the smoke to be released, and, therefore, it would be reluctant to build the second downstream shafts

关 键 词：安全工程 城市公路隧道 分段纵向通风 烟气控制 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]