基于区域自然灾害风险区划的应急救援物资储备设施选址方法与应用  

Method for proper site choice of natural disaster emergency relief reserves and its application—based on the zoning of natural disaster risk in region

作　　者：郗蒙浩[1] 赵秋红[2,3] 王凤京[1] 郭燕[1] 陈思颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院经济管理系,河北三河101601 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191 [3]城市运行应急保障模拟技术北京市重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第1期177-182,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71471006;91224007);中国地震局教师科研基金项目(20140106;20130115)

摘　　要：自然灾害面前,应急救援行动是拯救生命、减少损失的重要手段之一,而合理的应急救援物资储备设施是决定应急救援行动成败与否的关键。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出一种考虑区域自然灾害风险区划(值)、时间约束和储备设施建设成本约束的P-median问题,设计变邻域算法对问题求解。并依据北京市民政局和统计局提供的1978—2011年度区域自然灾害灾情资料,开展自然灾害下区域应急救援物资储备设施的实证研究,从理论上为区域自然灾害应急救援物资储备设施选址决策提供建议。The paper intends to introduce a method for proper allot- ment of the natural disaster emergency relief reserves and distribution in the most appropriate manner by the proper application of the method. As is known, emergency relief operations is an important means to save human and domestic animals＇ lives, and reduce the damage and loss caused by the disaster. For the relief purpose, it may involve the distribution of emergency goods for the disaster ＇affect- ed areas, including the distribution of food, medical supplies, special rescue equipment and facilities. Therefore, it is critical to deliver e- mergency relief supplies timely, reasonably and rationally, which de- termines success or failure of such affairs. At the same time, it re- mains challenging in the field of emergency logistics and related study areas. It is just starting from the aforementioned needs that we have developed and ameliorated the method for proper allotment of the nat- ural disaster emergency relief reserves based on the results of the pre- vious studies. It is also for the above said purpose that we have intro- duced the so-called P-median problem of emergency relief supplies storage facilities on the site or sites where the disaster occurs, and laid out a so-called VNS -Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm to solve the problem of distribution. In accordance with the so-called P- median approach, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the rescue force and the rescue resources that can be mobilized and made available in the affected area or areas, in addition to the proper deliv- ery time, which should be taken as a dominant constraining factors set by the said model. And, secondly, it is also necessary to evaluate and pay attention to the reasonable cost of. such relief materials, which serves as another constraint for the delivery. And, thirdly, it has also taken into full account the manner of the performance of such relief actions and measures in the relation to the actual situation of actual disasters suffered, f

关 键 词：安全管理工程 自然灾害 设施选址 应急救援 北京市 

分 类 号：X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]